Old Cumbria Gazetteer - Gowbarrow Park, Matterdale

Gowbarrow Park, Matterdale

Gowbarrow Park

civil parish:-

Matterdale (formerly Cumberland)

county:-

Cumbria

locality type:-

park

coordinates:-

NY40822126 (etc)

1Km square:-

NY4021

10Km square:-

NY42

BZZ19.jpg (taken 27.2.2014)

evidence:-

old map:- OS County Series (Cmd 65 12)
placename:- Gowbarrow Park

source data:-

Maps, County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25 inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948.

evidence:-

old map:- Saxton 1579

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmorlandiae et Cumberlandiae Comitatus ie Westmorland and Cumberland, scale about 5 miles to 1 inch, by Christopher Saxton, London, engraved by Augustinus Ryther, 1576, published 1579-1645.

Sax9NY42.jpg
Fence palings, trees, by Ullswater.
item:- private collection : 2
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Speed 1611 (Cmd)

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberland and the Ancient Citie Carlile Described, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by John Speed, 1610, published by J Sudbury and George Humble, Popes Head Alley, London, 1611-12.

SP11NY42.jpg
ring of fence palings, trees
item:- private collection : 16
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Jansson 1646

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumbria and Westmoria, ie Cumberland and Westmorland, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Jansson, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1646.

JAN3NY42.jpg
Ring of fence palings with trees.
item:- JandMN : 88
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Morden 1695 (Cmd)

source data:-

Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Robert Morden, 1695, published by Abel Swale, the Unicorn, St Paul's Churchyard, Awnsham, and John Churchill, the Black Swan, Paternoster Row, London, 1695-1715.

MD12NY42.jpg
Ring of fence palings, trees.
item:- JandMN : 90
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Morden 1695 (Wmd)
placename:- Gowburrow Park

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmorland, scale about 2.5 miles to 1 inch, by Robert Morden, published by Abel Swale, the Unicorn, St Paul's Churchyard, Awnsham, and John Churchill, the Black Swan, Paternoster Row, London, 1695.

MD10NY42.jpg
"Gowburrow park"
Ring of fence palings, trees, stream, road and circle for a place.
item:- JandMN : 24
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Bowen and Kitchin 1760
placename:- Goubarrow

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, A New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland Divided into their Respective Wards, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Emanuel Bowen and Thomas Kitchin et al, published by T Bowles, Robert Sayer, and John Bowles, London, 1760.

BO18NY31.jpg
"Goubarrow"
outline of fence palings, trees
item:- Armitt Library : 2008.14.10
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd)
placename:- Gowbarrow Parks

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, 3x2 sheets, The County of Cumberland, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by Thomas Donald, engraved and published by Joseph Hodskinson, 29 Arundel Street, Strand, London, 1774.

D4NY32SE.jpg

D4NY42SW.jpg
"GOWBARROW PARKS / Honble. Charles Howard Esqr."
outline, double line, plus lake shore
item:- Carlisle Library : Map 2
Images © Carlisle Library

evidence:-

descriptive text:- West 1778 (11th edn 1821)

source data:-

Guide book, A Guide to the Lakes, by Thomas West, published by William Pennington, Kendal, Cumbria once Westmorland, and in London, 1778 to 1821.

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Page 155:- "... Gowbarrow-park opens with a grand amphitheatre of shining rock, the floor of which is spread with soft green pasture, once shaded with ancient oaks, to which many decayed roots bear witness, Scattered thorns, trees, and bushes vary the ground, which is pastured with flocks, herds of cattle, and fallow deer. ..."

evidence:-

old map:- Crosthwaite 1783-94 (Ull)

source data:-

Map, uncoloured engraving, Accurate Map of the Beautiful Lake of Ullswater, scale about 3 inches to 1 mile, by Peter Crosthwaite, Keswick, Cumberland, 1783, version published 1800.

CT5NY32V.jpg
The park is drawn in outline.

CT5NY42A.jpg
"GOWBARROW PARKS the DUKE of NORFOLK's E. of Surrey, Hereditary Earl-Marshall, Premier D. &c. &c. &c."

CT5NY42F.jpg

CT5NY31Z.jpg
item:- Armitt Library : 1959.191.7
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- West 1784 map
placename:- Gowbarrow Park

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, A Map of the Lakes in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, engraved by Paas, 53 Holborn, London, about 1784.

Ws02NY32.jpg

Ws02NY42.jpg
item:- Armitt Library : A1221.1
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old text:- Clarke 1787
placename:- Gowbarrow Park
item:- fox hound; fox; Forester's Corn; pine marten; clean mart; badger; wild cat; eagle; raven; foul mart; polecat; deer

source data:-

Guide book, A Survey of the Lakes of Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire, written and published by James Clarke, Penrith, Cumberland, and in London etc, 1787; published 1787-93.

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Page 29:- "..."
"Before we leave Gowbarrow Park, (for the bounds of which see the Plan,) it may not be amiss to mention some particulars of its history. This Park was one of the forests proclaimed by William Rufus, and is now the property of the Right Honourable Charles Howard, Earl of Surrey, of whose illustrious family and titles I shall inform my readers more at large hereafter."
"The lower part of Gowbarrow was formerly meer'd out of the tenants of the manor of Water-Millock, who were to have as much of the produce as they could take with scythe, together with hay bounds, fern bounds, green hue, &c. These they lost in a law-suit with the lord, into which they were inadvertently drawn; for the whole of the tenants of the barony of Graystock quarrelling with their lord about some of their privileges, instituted a joint suit against him: in this complaint, it was set forth, that they had all enjoyed these privileges time out of mind, (which in fact none but the tenants of Water-Millock ever possessed.) The Attorney having made the complaint general, the whole were nonsuited, and in consequence thereof the tenants of Water-Millock lost their undoubted rights."
"Another custom, (likewise lost,) was, that the Bailiff should keep dogs for the hunting and destroying of foxes and other vermin which infest this neighbourhood, and for which he received 40 quarts of tolerable, (though not the best) oats, from every tenement, under the title of Forester's Corn. At last the Bailiff refused to keep the dogs, and the tenants upon this refused to pay the corn: in consequence of these disputes the agent for the lord came in person and demanded it, when some of the tenants instantly paid it; but others, alleging that the corn was merely an hire paid to the Bailiff for destroying noxious vermin, positively refused, and during their lives paid none: Their heirs, however, either in order to renew their leases upon easier terms, or by some other persuasions, consented to pay it, (one single tenement excepted,) and the lord now receives it."
"We may naturally suppose, that in consequence of no dogs being kept, the vermin would multiply very fast: this they did to that degree, that one man, out of thirty-two lambs lost fourteen, and many others suffered proportional losses. Upon these repeated damages, the inhabitants called a vestry meeting, that they might consult for immediate remedying this evil. Some were of opinion, that an action should be brought against the lord to compel him to keep the hounds, as he received the corn paid for that purpose: but the more general opinion was, that since damages were every night done, and immediate relief must be had, it was better to hire men to destroy the vermin, than risque the precarious issue of a tedious and expensive suit at law. They thereupon raised a sum by way of cess for that purpose, and appointed the following rewards, (which are still paid) for the destruction of these noxious animals."

source data:-

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Page 30:- "They likewise procured the swiftest fox-hounds from the mountainous environs of Keswick, &c.; skilful sportsmen were also hired to attend with guns, and every other engine, for the destruction of these annoyers. Witsun-week, A.D. 1759, was fixed upon for the attack, when I myself was an eye-witness to the death of twelve foxes within the week. The sum-total of vermin destroyed, were fifteen foxes, seven badgers, twelve wild-cats, and nine martens, (called here, by way of distinction, Clean Marts;) besides a prodigious number of foul-marts, eagles, ravens, gleads, &c. The wiles and policy of the foxes were truly astonishing; such as jumping from the rocks upon trees covered with ivy, where they would sometimes conceal themselves, and defeat their pursuers; at other times they run just within the edge of Ullswater, so that no scent remained; and many other instances of sagacity, which, were I disposed to trespass upon the patience of the reader, I could relate. Gowbarrow Park contains about 2000 acres of ground, and is admirably well adapted for the preservation of deer, of which there are six or seven hundred; they divide themselves into herds, and never intermix unless when alarmed. As to the names by which they are at different ages distinguished, I must refer my reader to that part of the appendix wherein I propose to treat of the natural history of this country."

To the taker, or killer of a Fox,	10 groats	To the killer of a Marten,	3 groats
Of a Fox's Cub,	3	Of a Wild Cat,	2
Of an Eagle,	5	Of a Raven,	1

evidence:-

old map:- Clarke 1787 map (Ullswater)
placename:- Gowbarrow Parks

source data:-

Map, A Map of the Lake Ullswater and its Environs, scale about 6.5 ins to 1 mile, by James Clarke, engraved by S J Neele, 352 Strand, published by James Clarke, Penrith, Cumberland and in London etc, 1787.

CL4NY32V.jpg

CL4NY42A.jpg
"GOWBARROW PARKS / THE PROPERTY of CHARLES EARL OF SURREY"
item:- private collection : 10.4
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Cooke 1802
placename:- Gowbarrow Park

source data:-

Map, Cumberland, scale about 15.5 miles to 1 inch, by George Cooke, 1802, bound in Gray's New Book of Roads, 1824, published by Sherwood, Jones and Co, Paternoster Road, London, 1824.

click to enlarge
GRA1Cd.jpg
"Gowbarrow Park"
outline of fence palings; park AND building
item:- Hampshire Museums : FA2000.62.2
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Wallis 1810 (Cmd)
placename:- Gowbarrow Park

source data:-

Road map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 16 miles to 1 inch, by James Wallis, 77 Berwick Stree, Soho, London, 1810.

click to enlarge
WL13.jpg
"Gowbarrow Park"
outline with fence palings; park
item:- Dove Cottage : 2009.81.10
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old text:- Wordsworth 1810
placename:- Gowbarrow Park
item:- deer

source data:-

Guide book, A Description of the Scenery of the Lakes, later A Guide through the District of The Lakes, by William Wordsworth, 1810-35.

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page xix "... in Gowbarrow Park, the lover of Nature might linger for hours. Here is a powerful Brook, which dashes among rocks through a deep glen, hung on every side with a rich and happy"

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page xx "intermixture of native wood; here are beds of luxuriant fern, aged hawthorns, and hollies decked with honeysuckles; and fallow-deer glancing and bounding over the lawns and through the thickets. These are the attractions of the retired views, or constitute a foreground for ever-varying pictures of the majestic Lake, forced to take a winding course by bold promontories, and environed by mountains of sublime form, towering above each other. ..."
"..."

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page 131 "... At the end of Gowbarrow park a large herd of deer were either moving slowly or standing still among the fern. I was sorry when a chance-companion, who had joined us by the way, startled them with a whistle, disturbing an image of grave simplicity and thoughtful enjoyment; for I could have fancied that those natives of this wild and beautiful region were partaking with us a sensation of the solemnity of the closing day. ..."

evidence:-

old text:- Green 1814
item:- deer

source data:-

Set of prints, soft ground etchings, Sixty Small Prints, with text, A Description of a Series of Sixty Small Prints, by William Green, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1814.

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page 30:- "..."
"The park is well stocked with deer, whose elegant forms and wild gestures are in unison with the surrounding scenes."

evidence:-

old print:- Green 1815
item:- deer; clouds

source data:-

Print, coloured aquatint, Ulls Water taken near Lyulphs Tower, Patterdale, Westmorland, by William Green, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1815.

click to enlarge
GN0519.jpg
Plate 20 in Lake Scenery.
printed at upper right:- "20"
printed at bottom:- "ULLS WATER taken near LYULPHS TOWER. / Published at Ambleside, June 1, 1815, by Wm. Green."
item:- Armitt Library : A6646.19
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Otley 1818
placename:- Gowbarrow Parks

source data:-

Map, uncoloured engraving, The District of the Lakes, Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Jonathan Otley, 1818, engraved by J and G Menzies, Edinburgh, Scotland, published by Jonathan Otley, Keswick, Cumberland, et al, 1833.

OT02NY32.jpg
item:- JandMN : 48.1
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Hall 1820 (Cmd)
placename:- Gowbarrow Park

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 21 miles to 1 inch, engraved by Sidney Hall, published by S Leigh, 18 Strand, London, 1820-31.

click to enlarge
HA14.jpg
"Gowbarrow Pk."
outline of fence palings; park
item:- JandMN : 91
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

outline view:- Otley 1823 (8th edn 1849)
placename:- Gowbarrow

source data:-

Engraving, outline view of mountains, Ullswater from Pooley Bridge, drawn by T Binns, engraved by O Jewitt, opposite p.12 of A Descriptive Guide of the English Lakes, by Jonathan Otley, 8th edition, 1849.

click to enlarge
O80E07.jpg
item:- Armitt Library : A1180.8
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

descriptive text:- Ford 1839 (3rd edn 1843)
placename:- Gowbarrow Park

source data:-

Guide book, A Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by Rev William Ford, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, by W Edwards, 12 Ave Maria Lane, Charles Tilt, Fleet Street, William Smith, 113 Fleet Street, London, by Currie and Bowman, Newcastle, by Bancks and Co, Manchester, by Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, and by Sinclair, Dumfries, 1839.

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Page 146:- "into the grounds of Gowbarrow Hall; and then the Park, in which is situated Lyulph's Tower, a rude hunting-seat of Henry Howard, Esq., that exhibits one of the finest views on the lake. The lover of nature may linger here for hours. A powerful brook dashes through rocks hung with a happy mixture of natural wood, beds of luxuriant fern, aged hawthorns, hollies, and honeysuckles; while fallow deer are seen glancing and bounding through the thickets and over the lawns. ..."

evidence:-

old map:- Ford 1839 map
placename:- Gowbarrow Park

source data:-

Map, uncoloured engraving, Map of the Lake District of Cumberland, Westmoreland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, and by R Groombridge, 5 Paternoster Row, London, 3rd edn 1843.

FD02NY42.jpg
"Gowbarrow Park"
Park; also building, labelled separately.
item:- JandMN : 100.1
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old text:- Gents Mag
item:- tree felling; oak

source data:-

Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922.

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Gentleman's Magazine 1849 part 2 p.138 "..."
"... the grey oaks of Gowbarrow, which rendered the Cumberland shores of Ullswater so glorious to behold, fell under the exterminating axe in 1780. ..."

evidence:-

old map:- Garnett 1850s-60s H
placename:- Gowbarrow Park

source data:-

Map of the English Lakes, in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, 1850s-60s.

evidence:-

outline view:- Martineau 1855

source data:-

Print, engraving, outline view, Mountains seen on the Keswick Road approaching Ullswater, drawn by L Aspland, engraved by W Banks, Edinburgh, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, and by Whittaker and Co, London, 1855.

click to enlarge
MNU115.jpg
Plate opposite p.104 in A Complete Guide to the English Lakes, by Harriet Martineau. "MOUNTAINS SEEN ON THE KESWICK ROAD APPROACHING ULLSWATER."
"L Aspland Delt. / W Banks Sc Edinr."
The view is captioned, numbers referring to mountains in the image:- "1 Place Fell, 2 Birk Fell, 3 Red Screes, 4 Scandale Head, 5 Dove Crag (Hartsop), 6 Birks, 7 Rydal Head, 8 St. Sundays Crag, 9, Fairfield, 10 Glenridding Dod, 11 Dolly Waggon Pike, 12 Bleaberry Fell, 13 Striding Edge, 14 Herring Pike, 15 Gowbarrow Park."
item:- Armitt Library : A1159.15
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old text:- Martineau 1855
item:- deer

source data:-

Guide book, A Complete Guide to the English Lakes, by Harriet Martineau, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, and by Whittaker and Co, London, 1855; published 1855-76.

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Page 38:- "... The park which surrounds it [Lyulph's Tower], and stretches down to the lake, is studded with ancient trees; and the sides of its watercourses, and the depths of its ravines, are luxuriantly wooded. Vast hills, with climbing tracks, rise behind, on which the herds of deer are occasionally seen, like brown shadows from the clouds. They are safe there from being startled (as they are in the glades of the park) by strangers who come to find out Ara Force ..."

evidence:-

old print:- Reynolds 1915
placename:- Gowbarrow Park

source data:-

Print, colour halftone, Ullswater from Gowbarrow Park, Westmorland, from a painting by Alfred Heaton Cooper, published by Adam and Charles Black, London, 1915.

click to enlarge
REY609.jpg
"A HEATON COOPER"
"ULLSWATER FROM GOWBARROW PARK."
item:- JandMN : 1071.9
Image © see bottom of page

hearsay:-

Dorothy Wordsworth wrote in her journal, 15 April 1802:-

"When we were in the woods beyond Gowbarrow Park we saw a few daffodils close to the water side. We fancied that the lake had floated the seeds ashore and that the little colony had so sprung up. But as we went along ther were more and yet more; and, at last, under the boughs of the trees, we saw that there was a long belt of them along the shore, about the breadth of a country turnpike road. I never saw daffodils so beautiful. They grew among the mossy stones about and about them; some rested their heads upon these stones as on a pillow for weariness; and the rest tossed and reeled and danced, and seemed as if they verily laughed with the wind, that blew upon them over tha lake; they looked so gay, ever glancing, ever changing. The wind blew directly over the lake to them. There was here and there a little knot, and a few stragglers a few yards higher up; but they were so few as not to disturb the simplicity, unity, and life of that one busy highway. ..."

hearsay:-

Heineken, brewers, came here 20 April 1982, to film an action replay of Dorothy and William Wordsworth and the daffodils for their advertising campaign

"Heniken refreshes the parts other beers cannot reach."

Alas, no wind and no daffodils; after an exceptionally cold winter the daffs have failed. 6000 dafodils were ordered, and arrived in two enormous lorries ...

evidence:-

old print:- Robertson 1911
placename:- Gowbarrow
item:- daffodil

source data:-

Print, lithograph? Gowbarrow, Ullswater, from a watercolour by Arthur Tucker, published by Chatto and Windus, London, 1911.

click to enlarge
RSN142.jpg
Tipped in opposite p.269 of Wordsworthshire by Eric Robertson.
printed at bottom:- "GOWBARROW, ULLSWATER / (Beginning of daffodil-time)"
signed at painting lower left:- "Arthur Tucker"
item:- JandMN : 197.46
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

outline view:- Red Guide 1892

source data:-

Print, engraving, pair of outline views, Mountains as seen from the Matterdale Road in Gowbarrow Park, and Mountains as seen from Milking Hill, between the Inn and Blowick, in Patterdale, published by Ward, Lock and Co, Warwick House, Salisbury Square, London, etc, 1892.

click to enlarge
RG0106.jpg
"1 Swarth Fell 2 Hallen Fell (below) 3 Winter Crag Martindale 4 Place Fell / Birk Fell (below) 5 Red Screes / Deepdale Park (below) / Bleas (still lower) 6 Scandale Head 7 Dove Crag in Hartsop 8 Birks / Hall Bank (below) 9 Rydal Head 10 St. Sunday's Crag 11 Fairfield 12 Glenridding Dod 13 Dolly Waggon Pike 14 Bleaberry Fell 15 Striding Edge 16 Herring Pike"
On p.190 in the Red Guide guide book, Guide to the English Lakes.
item:- JandMN : 102.7
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

outline view:- Black 1856 (23rd edn 1900)
placename:- Gowbarrow Park

source data:-

Print, lithograph, Outline Views, Ullswater - Mountains as seen a little on the Matterdale Road near Lyulph's Tower on Ullswater, and Mountains as seen at the Slate Quarry at Blowick on Ullswater, by J Flintoft, Keswick, Cumberland, engraved by R Mason, Edinburgh, Lothian, about 1900.

evidence:-

outline view:- Black 1841 (3rd edn 1846)
placename:- Gowbarrow Park

source data:-

Print, engraving, outline view, Mountains as seen a little on the Matterdale Road near Lyulph's Tower on Ulleswater, and Mountains as seen at the Slate Quarry at Blowick on Ulleswater, by J Flintoft, Keswick, Cumberland, engraved by R Mason, Edinburgh, Lothian, about 1846.

evidence:-

old painting:-

source data:-

Painting, watercolour, Ullswater from Gowbarrow Park, Cumberland and Westmorland, attributed to Samuel Bough, 1840s.

click to enlarge
PR0919.jpg
Lofty autumnal trees to right of composition overlook Ullswater and distant fells.
item:- Tullie House Museum : 1935.91.2.1
Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-

outline view:- Tattersall 1836
placename:- Gowbarrow Parks

source data:-

Print, engraving, Second Reach, Ullswater, from Place Fell, Westmorland, drawn by George Tattersall, engraved by W F Topham, published by Sherwood and Co, Paternoster Row, London, about 1836.

click to enlarge
TAT141.jpg
The print is captioned with mountain names and acts as an outline view.
Tipped in opposite p.117 of The Lakes of England, by George Tattersall.
printed at bottom:- "SECOND REACH, ULLSWATER; from PLACE FELL. / [London Pubd. ...]"
printed at bottom left to right:- "Fairfield. / Stybarrow. / Helvellyn. / Glencoin. / Gowbarrow Parks."
item:- Armitt Library : A1204.42
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

outline view:-
placename:- Gowbarrow Parks

source data:-

Print, hand coloured engraving, Lower Reach, Ullswater from Pooley Bridge, Westmorland and Cumberland, published by Sherwood and Co, London, 1836?

click to enlarge
PR0371.jpg
Objects in the view are identified by a caption at the bottom - Swarth Fell, Martindale, High Street, Hallen Fell, Kirkstone, Place Fell, Fairfield, Gowbarrow Parks, Dumallet.
printed at bottom:- "LOWER REACH, ULLSWATER. / from Pooley Bridge. / Pubd. April 15th 1836 by Sherwood &Co London."
item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.107.371
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old print:-
placename:- Gowbray Park

source data:-

Print, aquatint, Ullswater and Gowbray Park, Cumberland, drawn by Becker, published by R Cruttwell, Bath, Somerset, 1802.

click to enlarge
PR0439.jpg
A companion print has the publisher as Crutterell.
printed at bottom left, centre:- "Becker del. / Ullswater and Gowbray Park. / Pub. Jan. 1 1802, by R. Cruttwell, Bath."
item:- private collection : 103
Image © see bottom of page

hearsay:-

It is here that William Wordsworth wrote the Host of Golden Daffodils, 1802.

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