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Netherby, Arthuret
out of sight
Netherby
Netherby Hall
civil parish:-   Arthuret (formerly Cumberland)
county:-   Cumbria
locality type:-   buildings
locality type:-   park
locality type:-   flood
coordinates:-   NY39667161
1Km square:-   NY3971
10Km square:-   NY37
evidence:-   old map:- OS County Series (Cmd 6 15) 
placename:-  Netherby
placename:-  Castra Exploratorum
source data:-   Maps, County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25 inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948.
"Netherby / CASTRA EXPLORATORUM (Site of)"
evidence:-   old map:- Saxton 1579
placename:-  Netherbye
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmorlandiae et Cumberlandiae Comitatus ie Westmorland and Cumberland, scale about 5 miles to 1 inch, by Christopher Saxton, London, engraved by Augustinus Ryther, 1576, published 1579-1645.
image
Sax9NY36.jpg
Tower, symbol for a house, hall, tower, etc.  "Netherbye"
item:-  private collection : 2
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Burghley 1590 (facsimile) 
placename:-  Netherbie
source data:-   Facsimile map, A Platt of the Opposete Border of Scotland to ye West Marches of England, parts of Cumberland and Scotland including the Debateable Land, from a manuscript drawn for William Cecil, Lord Burghley, about 1590, published by R B Armstrong, 1897.
courtesy of the National Library of Scotland
image
M048NY47.jpg
"Netherbie"
circle, tower, cross 
item:-  National Library of Scotland : MS6113 f.267
Image © National Library of Scotland
evidence:-   old map:- Speed 1611 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Netherby
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberland and the Ancient Citie Carlile Described, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by John Speed, 1610, published by J Sudbury and George Humble, Popes Head Alley, London, 1611-12.
image
SP11NY37.jpg
"Netherby"
circle, tower 
item:-  private collection : 16
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Jansson 1646
placename:-  Netherby
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumbria and Westmoria, ie Cumberland and Westmorland, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Jansson, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1646.
image
JAN3NY47.jpg
"Netherbÿ"
Buildings and tower. 
item:-  JandMN : 88
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Seller 1694 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Netherby
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 12 miles to 1 inch, by John Seller, 1694.
image  click to enlarge
SEL9.jpg
"Netherby"
circle, italic lowercase text; settlement or house 
item:-  Dove Cottage : 2007.38.89
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Morden 1695 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Netherby
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Robert Morden, 1695, published by Abel Swale, the Unicorn, St Paul's Churchyard, Awnsham, and John Churchill, the Black Swan, Paternoster Row, London, 1695-1715.
image
MD12NY37.jpg
"Netherby"
Circle. 
item:-  JandMN : 90
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   probably old map:- Bowen and Kitchin 1760
placename:-  Netherby
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, A New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland Divided into their Respective Wards, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Emanuel Bowen and Thomas Kitchin et al, published by T Bowles, Robert Sayer, and John Bowles, London, 1760.
image
BO18NY47.jpg
"Netherby"
circle and line 
item:-  Armitt Library : 2008.14.10
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old text:- Pennant 1773
placename:-  Netherby
source data:-   Book, A Tour from Downing to Alston Moor, 1773, by Thomas Pennant, published by Edward Harding, 98 Pall Mall, London, 1801.
image PEN6p182, button  goto source
Pennant's Tour 1773, page 182  "... reached Netherby, where I again experienced the hospitality of its owner, the Reverend Mr. Graham†. Numbers of pieces of antiquity had been collected here since my former visit to this place."
" †He died February 2, 1782; was succeeded by his son Charles, who died soon after; he was succeeded by his brother James, created a Baronet December 28, 1782.."
evidence:-   old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Netherby
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, 3x2 sheets, The County of Cumberland, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by Thomas Donald, engraved and published by Joseph Hodskinson, 29 Arundel Street, Strand, London, 1774.
image
D4NY47SW.jpg
"Netherby / Graham Esq."
house 
item:-  Carlisle Library : Map 2
Image © Carlisle Library
evidence:-   old map:- Pennant 1777
placename:-  Netherby
placename:-  Castra Exploratorum
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, A Map of Scotland, Hebrides and Part of England, drawn for Thomas Pennant, engraved by J Bayly, published by Benjamin White, London, 1777.
image  click to enlarge
PEN1Cm.jpg
"NETHERBY / CAST EXPL"
circle; buildings, village, etc 
item:-  private collection : 66
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old text:- Camden 1789 (Gough Additions) 
item:-  irruption, Solway Moss; flood, 1771; drainage
source data:-   Book, Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.
image CAM2P197, button  goto source
Page 197:-  "..."
"Horsley puts here [roman fort, Netherby] CASTRA EXPLORATORUM. The rev. Mr. Graham's house stands on the site of the station, on a rising ground washed by the Esk; and the country round him is a creation of his own. From a barren wild it became as rich as the rest which environed it. By the irruption of Solway moss, 1769, a tract worth £.400. a year was reduced to a bog. This estate passed from the Stutevilles to the Wakes, and was granted as debateable land by James I. to Francis Clifford, earl of Cumberland, who sold it to Nicholas Graham, master of the horse to the duke of Buckingham, and of the prince's party in his Spanish journey. He was left for dead at the battle of Edgehill, but survived to 1653. His grandson George was created by Charles II. viscount Preston in the kingdom of Scotland, and being convicted of treason for attempting to escape to James II. in France, was pardoned, and died 1695 at Nunnington, his estate in Yorkshire, where he was succeeded by his grandson Charles; who dying without issue 1739, was succeeded by his two aunts, coheirs of William. Catherine surviving was married to William lord Widdrington, and dying 1757 without issue, devised the estate to the rev. Robert Graham, M.A. second son of her uncle William Graham, dean of Carlisle and of Wells, owner 1775 of this vast tract of country, and rector of the two churches of Asthurst and Kirkandrews upon Esk. He died, and was succeeded by his son sir James Graham. A writer in the Gent. Mag. LV. 844. observes that by draining, manuring, and planting, this worthy gentleman improved his estate in 16 years from £.2000. per annum, to £.10,000. and even £.13,000 per annum, so that if his son pursues his plan it will amount to £.20,000 per annum clear. He first drained and improved 1000 acres, then erected villages of eight or ten houses, with a number of acres to each, and let them to his industrious married neighbours rent free for one or two years or more till they could pay, besides erecting churches and inns, and a very handsome commodious house for himself, where the most liberal hospitality presided."
evidence:-   road book:- Cary 1798 (2nd edn 1802) 
placename:-  Netherby
source data:-   Road book, itineraries, Cary's New Itinerary, by John Cary, 181 Strand, London, 2nd edn 1802.
image CY38p273, button  goto source
image  click to enlarge
C38273.jpg
page 273-274  "2 Miles beyond Longtown, on r. is Netherby, Sir J. Graham, Bart."
image CY38p289, button  goto source
image  click to enlarge
C38289.jpg
page 289-290  "2 Miles beyond Longtown, on r. is Netherby, Sir J. Graham, Bart."
item:-  JandMN : 228.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Cooper 1808
placename:-  Netherby
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 10.5 miles to 1 inch, drawn and engraved by Cooper, published by R Phillips, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, 1808.
image  click to enlarge
COP3.jpg
"Netherby"
circle; village or hamlet 
item:-  JandMN : 86
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old text:- Gents Mag
item:-  storm, 1816; hurricane; greenhouse
source data:-   Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922.
image G816B173, button  goto source
Gentleman's Magazine 1816 part 2 p.173  "COUNTRY NEWS"
"July 21. A tremendous storm of thunder and lightning, with heavy rain, was experienced in Lancashire, and the adjoining counties. ... The same afternoon the hurricane visited Longtown and the neighbourhood. At Netherby upwards of 700 panes of glass were broken in the hot-houses of Sir James Graham, bart.; and 60 squares in the house were driven in with great violence by the hail-stones. ..."
evidence:-   old map:- Hall 1820 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Netherby
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 21 miles to 1 inch, engraved by Sidney Hall, published by S Leigh, 18 Strand, London, 1820-31.
image  click to enlarge
HA14.jpg
"Netherby"
circle, italic lowercase text; settlement 
item:-  JandMN : 91
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Ford 1839 map
placename:-  Netherby
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Map of the Lake District of Cumberland, Westmoreland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, and by R Groombridge, 5 Paternoster Row, London, 3rd edn 1843.
image
FD02NY37.jpg
"Netherby"
Park and buildings. 
item:-  JandMN : 100.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   database:- Listed Buildings 2010
placename:-  Netherby Hall
item:-  date stone (1639); 1630s
source data:-  
courtesy of English Heritage
"NETHERBY HALL / / / ARTHURET / CARLISLE / CUMBRIA / II[star] / 78101 / NY3966371613"
evidence:-   database:- Listed Buildings 2010
placename:-  Coop House
source data:-  
courtesy of English Heritage
"COOP HOUSE NORTH WEST OF NETHERBY HALL / / / ARTHURET / CARLISLE / CUMBRIA / II[star] / 78104 / NY3866971474"
evidence:-   database:- Listed Buildings 2010
source data:-  
courtesy of English Heritage
"COACHMAN'S HOUSE AND STABLES ADJOINING TO NORTH OF NETHERBY HALL / / / ARTHURET / CARLISLE / CUMBRIA / II / 78102 / NY3964371673"
evidence:-   old print:- Rose 1832-35 (vol.2 no.25) 
placename:-  Netherby
source data:-   Print, uncoloured engraving, Netherby, Cumberland, drawn by Thomas Allom, engraved by J C Bentley, published by Fisher, Son and Co, London, 1832-35.
image  click to enlarge
PR0029.jpg
vol.2 pl.25 in the set of prints, Westmorland, Cumberland, Durham and Northumberland Illustrated. 
printed at bottom left, right, centre:-  "T. Allom. / J.C.Bentley. / NETHERBY, CUMBERLAND. / THE SEAT OF SIR JAMES GRAHAM, FIRST LORD OF THE ADMIRALTY."
item:-  Dove Cottage : 2008.107.29
Image © see bottom of page
story:-  
 Anthony Berry Rudge age 45, James Martin alias John White age 36, James Baker also known as John age 29, and a fourth man, a gang from London, carried out a burglary at Netherby in the evening of 28 October 1885. They only took some jewelry, probably being disturbed by a passing housemaid. The burglary was discovered quickly; the police at Longtown were informed, and a chase began.
About 11pm they were confronted at Kingstown by Sergeant John Rhodes, and PC Jacob Johnstone, of the Cumberland and Westmorland Constabulary. Both constables were shot and wounded. Another posse of constables were warded off by threats of shooting.
Eventually they were approached near Plumpton Wall by PC Joseph Byrnes, whom they shot and killed. There is a memorial to him in the village. Three of the gang were caught, and hanged at Carlisle.
notes:-  
 Netherby and also The Mote are shown on different maps north or south of Longtown.
notes:-  
 tower incorporated in later house

Perriam, D R &Robinson, J: 1998: Medieval Fortified Buildings of Cumbria: CWAAS:: ISBN 1 873124 23 6; plan and illustrations
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