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Till within the last sixty years there was no communication  
between any of these vales by carriage-roads; all bulky  
articles were transported on pack-horses. Owing, however, to 
the population not being concentrated in villages, but  
scattered, the vallies themselves were intersected as now by 
innumerable lanes and path-ways leading from house to house  
and from field to field. These lanes, where they are fenced  
by stone walls, are mostly bordered with ashes, hazels, wild 
roses, and beds of tall fern, at their base; while the walls 
themselves, if old, are overspread with mosses, small ferns, 
wild strawberries, the geranium, and lichens: and, if the  
wall happens to rest against a bank of earth, it is  
sometimes almost wholly concealed by a rich facing of  
stone-fern. It is a great advantage to a traveller or  
resident, that these numerous lanes and paths, if he be a  
zealous admirer of nature, will lead him on into all the  
recesses of the country, so that the hidden treasures of its 
landscapes may, by an ever-ready guide, be laid open to his  
eyes. 
  
Likewise to the smallness of the several properties is owing 
the great number of bridges over the brooks and torrents,  
and the daring 
  
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