Old Cumbria Gazetteer - Carlisle: Gents Mag 1745 siege


included in:-	Carlisle
	Carlisle: Gents Mag 1745 siege
locality type:-	siege

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag item:- rebellion, 1745; 1745 Rebellion item:- siege, Carlisle; Carlisle, siege
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1745 p.602 "... ..." "From the London Gazette, Nov. 9." "Whitehall, Nov. 5. By letters of the 3d Inst. from Berwick ... advanced parties gave out, that their whole army was to follow them the next day: That the pretender's son was to set out from Dalkeith upon the 3d, and that they were to march thro' Annandale to Carlisle: That the better to disguise their motions, billets for quarters had been sent to Musselburgh, Fisheraw, Inverask, Preston-Pans, Tranent, Haddington, and other villages upon the East road to Berwick; whilst considerable numbers were to march by night to the Westward: That they had along with them above a hundred and fifty carts and waggons full of baggage, besides great numbers of baggage-horses, and that they gave out that their intention was to proceed directly into England, to endeavour to slip by the troops under Marshal Wade, and to get into Lancashire." "Nov. 8. By advices from the North of the 5th Inst. there are accounts, that the rebels were marching Southwards towards Langton and Carlisle, as was supposed, in three different columns, the Westermost of which was thought to be their main body by the pretender's son being with them, ..."
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1745 p.603 "... ..." "Nov. 12. By letters from Carlisle, dated the 9th Inst. receiv'd late last night, there is advice that part of the rebel army encamp'd that evening on a moor within two miles of that city." "By an express this morning from the North there is an account, that upon the 9th in the afternoon, about 50 or 60 of the rebels, well mounted, and thought to be officers, appear'd on a hill call'd Stanwix-Bank, close by Carlisle; that the castle of Carlisle fir'd upon them, and that after some time they retreated: That there were accounts of different bodies appearing in different places near Carlisle: that their main army was at Ecclefeighton, 16 miles from thence: That they could not get their artillery and baggage forwards for want of horses, but that they were collecting all they could get every where, and that it was talk'd amongst them, that they were to push on Southwards. The whole militia of the counties of Cumberland and Westmorland were in garrison at Carlisle." "... On Sunday the 10th part of their corps approach'd the walls of Carlisle, first bending towards the Irish gate, but afterwards march'd round to the English gate, in order to reconnoitre the place as it was judged, during which motions they were fired at from both town and castle, and it was suppos'd they intended to make a vigorous attack in the night between the 10th and 11th, the firing con[tinuing till midnight.]"
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1745 p.604 "Nov. 15. A letter, dated the 12th Inst. from Mr Thomas Pattenson, mayor of Carlisle, brings advice, that on Saturday night, the 9th Inst. that city was surrounded by about 9000 Highlanders; that at three o'clock that afternoon he, the mayor, had receiv'd a message from them, to provide billets for 13,000 men, and to be ready that night, which he refused: That the next day, at three in the afternoon, he receiv'd a message in writing from the person stiling himself Prince Charles, and subscribed Charles P.R. in the following words:" ""Charles Prince of Wales, Regent of the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, and the Dominions thereunto belonging."" ""Bring come to recover the king our father's just rights, for which we have arriv'd with all his authority, we are sorry to find that you should prepare to obstruct our passage: We therefore, to avoid the effusion of English blood, hereby require you to open your gates, and let us enter, as we desire, in a peaceable manner; which if you do, we shall take care to preserve you from any insult, and set an example to all England of the exactness with which we intend to fulfil the king our father's declarations and our own: But if you shall refuse us entrance, we are fully resolv'd to force it by such means as providence has put into our hands, and then it will not perhaps be in our power to prevent the dreadful consequences which usually attend a town's being taken by assault. Consider seriously of this, and let me have your answer within the space of two hours, for we shall take any farther delay as a peremptory refusal, and take our measures accordingly."" ""November 10, 1745, Two in the Afternoon." ""For the Mayor of Carlisle."" "That he, the mayor, had return;'d no answer thereto but by firing the cannon upon them: That the said pretended prince, the Duke of Perth, with several other gentlemen, lay within a mile or two of the city; but that their whole army was, at the time of dispatching the above advice, march'd for Brampton, seven miles on the high road to Newcastle." "..." "Nov. 16, ... Two persons of good character came to Penrith at five this evening, and declar'd they saw a large body of the rebels, which they gave out to be 7000, moving from Brampton to Carlisle, and heard numbers of them declare they were going to besiege it in form. That the rebels forced four carpenters to go along with them from Brampton, in order (as they said) to assist in erecting batteries. The said two persons further added, that the guns of the garrison of Carlisle were firing very briskly, as they came on the road hither. ... The rebels have been felling wood all this day in Corby and Warwick parks for the repairs of their carriages, as they give out, and making batteries and scaling-ladders." "..." "Letters of the 14th Inst. from Penrith mention, that it was affirm'd by great numbers of persons who were come thither from the villages on the South and West sides of Carlisle, that the whole rebel army were endeavouring to surround that city. That they shot at every body that fled from them, and that one person had been killed, and that they were actually putting the country under military execution. That they seized all able-bodied men, horses and carriages, and declared that they would force them to carry their ladders to the walls of Carlisle: That the cannon of Carlisle were firing that morning very briskly: That"
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1745 p.605 "they had taken the four light horsemen upon their return from Newcastle, who had been sent to conduct the quarter-master of the rebels, taken prisoner near Carlisle, to marshal Wade. Letters of the same date from Penrith at nine o'clock at night mention, that the rebels had approached so near Carlisle, that the garrison had thrown granadoes at them, and that the rebels had broke ground about 300 yards from the citadel, and at Spring-Garden, near the horse-race ground; and that they had been obliged to fetch provisions as far as Heckett, about five miles from Carlisle." "Nov. 18. Letters dated the 15th Inst. from Penrith, give an account, that a person sent from the governor of Carlisle to marshal Wade, reported, that it was agreed, that the town should be delivered up to the rebels, but did not know the conditions. The governor was determined to defend the castle to the last extremity, and had prepared every thing for that purpose. It was supposed that he will be able to hold out eight days. Letters from Shap of the 15th Inst. at noon mention, tht the city of Carlisle surrender'd at ten o'clock that morning." "Nov. 19. By letters receiv'd this morning from Edinburgh , of the 15th Inst. ..." "From the Gazette, Nov. 23." "Whitehall, Nov. 23. Letters from Penrith, dated the 16th, bring a confirmation of the surrender of Carlisle the day before to the rebels, and give the following account of the occasion of it, viz. that for seven days before, neither the officers nor common men of the garrison had had scarce an hour's rest, being perpetually alarm'd by the rebels, and that many of them were so sick, thro' their great fatigue, that being out of all hopes of a speedy relief, they absolutely refused to hold out any longer, and multitudes went off every hour over the walls, some of which fell into the hands of the rebels, till the officers of many companies were at last left with not above three or four men; so that the mayor and corporation determined to hang out the white flag (tho' contrary to the opinion and protestation of Col. Durand) and made the best terms they could get for themselves; and that the colonel was thereupon oblig'd to abandon the castle, not having above 70 invalids to defend it, and most of them unfit for service, and the rebels threatening in case of refusal, to destroy the whole town by fire and sword. It is added in other letters of the 17th, that the garrison were permitted to go to their respective homes. ..." "..." "Nov. 23. It appears by letters just receiv'd from Col. Durand, commandant of Carlisle, that before the surrender of that place to the rebels, he had time to nail up ten pieces of cannon, from four to two pounders, that were placed upon the ramparts; that he had prevailed upon 400 men, (besides the two companies of invalids) to join with him in defending the castle, but that before eight the next morning they had changed their resolution, and had all left him to a man, so that upon calling a council of war, consisting of the officers of the invalids, it was unanimously agreed, that with the small force remaining under his orders, and which did not exceed eighty men, many of them extremely infirm, it was not possible to defend the castle."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag item:- siege, Carlisle; Carlisle, siege
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1745 p.609 "... ..." "An account of the taking of Carlisle by an eye witness." "ON Sat. the 9th, afternoon, about three o'clock, a body of the rebels ap-"
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1745 p.610 "[ap]peared at Stanwix Bank, within a quarter of a mile of Carlisle; and it being the market day there, they mixed with the country people returning home, so that it was not possible for the garrison to fire upon them for some time, without risque of injuring their neighbours along with their enemies: but in less than half an hour, the country people dispers'd themselves, and then the garrison of the castle fired a ten gun battery upon them, which, 'tis believed, kill'd several; then, night coming on, they retreated to a greater distance from the city, and the garrison stood all night under arms. At two in the morning a thick fog came on, which remain'd 'till twelve that day, when it cleared up for about an hour, and then the garrison discover'd the rebels approaching to attack the city in three several parties, viz. one at Stanwix Bank, commanded by the D. of Perth, a second at Shading gate-lane, commanded by the Marquis of Tullibardine, who also had the artillery, and the third in Blackwell-Fields, where the pretender commanded the rest of their body, facing the English Gate." "Upon discovering these three parties approaching so near the city, the garrison fir'd upon them, viz. the four-gun battery upon the Marquis of Tullibardine, who was heard to say, gentlemen, we have not metal for them, retreat; which they immediately did and disappear'd. The turret guns and the citadel guns were fir'd upon the pretender's division, where the white flag was display'd, which was seen to fall; about the same time the ten-gun battery was fir'd upon the duke of Perth's division, who also retir'd. Then the thick fog struck in again, and all the inhabitants of the city expected nothing but that a general assault would be made by the rebels, against which the walls were well lin'd with men; and Sir John Pennington, Dr Waugh, chancellor, Humphry Senhouse, Joseph Daire Dalston, of Acron-bank (sic), Esqrs. with several other gentlemen of note, stood all night under arms, to encourage and assist them. The militia was also drawn up at the foot of Castle-street, to be ready, in case of a forcible attack, to relieve and reinforce the men upon the walls." "On Monday morning the fog still continuing thick, the garrison could not observe the situation of the rebels, but heard their pipers playing not far from the English gate. About ten o'clock a man was let down from the city walls, to reconnoitre the enemy, and he found they were retiring towards Warwick bridge. After noon other spies were likewise detach'd to observe their motions, ..." "On Wednesday morning about ten o'clock they display'd the white flag at Warwick Bridge-end, to which they were about three hours in repairing. About one o'clock the young pretender, attended by lord George Murray, the D. of Perth, and several others, besides those called his guards, came to them; upon which they form'd themselves, and began to march again to Carlisle, in the following order: First, two (nam'd hussars) in highland dresses, and high rough red caps, like pioneers; next, about half a dozen of the chief leaders, followed by a kettle-drum; then the pretender's son, at the head of about 110 horse, called his guards, two and two a-breats; after these a confus'd multitude of all sorts of mean people, to the number (it was supposed) of about 6000. In this order they advanced to the height of Warwick Moor; where they halted about half an hour, and took an attentive view of the city: From thence the foot took the lead, and so march'd to Carlisle about three in the afternoon; when they began a fresh assault, and the city renewed their fire." "- On Thursday it was discover'd, that the rebels had thrown up a trench, which intimidated the town, and in a consultation it was resolved to capitulate, a deputation was sent to the pretender at Brampton, and the town and castle deliver'd up on Friday morning." "..."
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1745 p.611 "..." "... Nov. 11 [1745]. A person who saw the rebels about Rowcliff, affirms that the whole number did not exceed 9000 men. As to arms every man has a sword, target, musket and dirk; their baggage is not very considerable, but they relieve the guard that marches with it every night. For provisions they have live cattle, and keep a drove along with them; oatmeal they buy, or take it where they find it, carry it in a bag at their sides, and eat it morning and evening with water. They march at a very great rate, and express a desire of getting into Lancashire. Their officers lodge in villages, but the men always encamp at night. About day-break they begin to move, or sooner if the moon shines, and push on as hard as possible. Whereas some of our regiments do not get ready to march till 9 o'clock." "... ..." "Extract of a letter from Kendal, Nov. 18." "MOST of our militia are got home from Carlisle, who generally complain'd of very ill treatment in that place; and tho' perhaps some of them may exaggerate matters thro' resentment, yet, by all accounts, the conduct of that city fell much short of what was expected from a place of so much strength and reputed loyalty. - An officer of the said militia, who is a man of fortune and good credit, declares, that Carlisle merits no greater honour by its surrender to the rebels than Edinburgh did. The garrison wholly consisted of Cumberland and Westmorland militia, together with a few volunteers, and two imperfect companies of invalids. There were besides some independent companies of the town, who would not assist the said garrison with more than two or three men out of a company; so that last week they were obliged to be continually upon duty, and the week before one half reliev'd the other alternately. The militia were also put to several other great hardships; many of the inhabitants making them pay an exorbitant price for provisions; and they could not, for any money, procure a sufficient quantity of straw to lie upon the wall. Capt. Wilson, (son of Daniel Wilson, Esq; member of parliament for Westmorland) paid 1l. 10s. for the use of a cobler's stall under the walls. Upon the first approach of the rebels, the garrison gave out that themselves were 3000 strong; upon which the rebels durst not attempt the city immediately, but went forwards toward Brampton; from whence they returned on the 13th. The garrison kept continually firing upon them, 'till they were obliged, on the 14th, by the manager in the town, to desist, and come off from the walls, and continued so all that night; during which time it was suppos'd the terms of captulation were settled."
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1745 p.612 "Next morning they observed that the rebels had entrench'd themselves before the town; upon which the garrison renew'd their fire with great spirit and bravery, but soon receiv'd orders again to desist, for the capitulation was agreed upon. The D. of Perth, with his division, were the first of the rebels that enter'd Carlisle, the pretender then being six miles from the city. They made the garrison swear never to appear in arms any more against them; and Perth shaking the men by the hands, told them they were brave fellows, and offered them great sums to enlist with him. The rebels have taken above 200 good horses, and all the arms from the militia, besides 1000 stand lodged in the castle. They also found a rich booty in the castle; the people of the country round about having brought thither, for safety, the most valuable of their effects. The marquis of Tullibardine was kill'd by the first fire from the walls on the 10th. The town capitulated on the 14th, in the evening; and on the 15th, at ten o'clock in the morning, it was given up. About one in the afternoon the rebels enter'd the city, and the next morning the castle was surrendered to them. Several of the militia endeavour'd to escape, without being obliged to take the oath, as also did some of Cope's men, who had deserted from the rebels, one of which they threaten'd should be shot, as an example to deter others. -" "Notwithstanding the above account seems the throw some blame upon the citizens of Carlisle, we hope, in a short time, to have matters so clear'd up, as sufficiently to vindicate both their prudence and loyalty." "... ..."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag item:- rebellion, 1745; 1745 Rebellion item:- siege, Carlisle; Carlisle, siege
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1745 p.626 "..." "By the best accounts the rebels are still at Carlisle [20+ Dec 1745], but it is thought their intention is to go off tomorrow, if the rivers and floods will permit them. If they continue there, his royal highness proposes to invest the town tomorrow with the troops now here, and the detachment from Marshal Wade's army, and a train of battering cannon from Whitehaven, which is to be this day at Cockermouth. and has orders to move with the whole posse comitatus, which will be assembled tomorrow at Wigton. ..." "LEtters receiv'd yesterday [25.12.1745] by express from Blichall near Carlisle give an account, that upon the march from Penrith thither, his royal highness the Duke had receiv'd the news of the rebel army having quitted that place, and left in it only 3 or 4 hundred men, who, according to the best intelligence, consisted chiefly of their English recruits, and Gordon of Glenbucket's men, commanded by one Hamilton. The king's forces arriv'd within sight of the town the 21st about noon, and Major Gen. Bland had invested it on the Scotch side with St George's dragoons, and 300 men of Bligh's regiment, with orders to prevent any passage over the bridge upon the river Eden, which leads directly to the Scotch gate. Major Adams, with 200 foot, was posted in the suburbs of the English gate, to prevent any of the garrison's escaping that way; Major Meirac at the Irish gate with the same orders, and Sir Andrew Agnew at the Sally Port with 300. All the horse, and the foot-guards, were canton'd round the town, at a mile or two distance. The rebels, who, were left, made a shew of intending to defend the place, firing their cannon upon everybody who appeared in sight of it. The artillery from Whitehaven was expected to arrive in a day or two at the army, and it was proposed to have a battery erected by the morning of the 24th; after which it was not doubted but his royal highness would be master of the town in 24 hours, in which he intended to leave a sufficient garrison. The rebels left their cannon behind them in Carlisle, excepting 3 pieces; and Major Gen. Bland had taken 16 carts laden with tents." "... ..."

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