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start of Cumberland |
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Page 177:-
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Lanercost ab. Burd
Oswald.
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Lanercost Priory
roman fort, Birdoswald
roman inscription
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Hunsdon, the warden, with the garrison of Berwic, easily
dispered with great slaughter and disorder, Leonard himself
escaping by flight. This last circumstance proved the
security of their chief. Nearer the wall is
Lanercost, a priory founded by R. de Vaulx
lord of Gillesland, and on the wall Burd Oswald.
Below this last, where the Picts wall crosses the river
Irthing on arches, was the station of the cohors prima AElia
Dacorum, at a place now called Willoford, as appears
from the Notitia, and from several altars dedicated to
Jupiter Optimus Maximus by the said cohort, of which I shall
subjoin the following though almost defaced by time:
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Jovi Optimo Maximo. Horsl.
XI.
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I. O. M.
COH. i. AEL.
DAC. CVI ...
PRAE ...
IG ... ...
... ...
... ...
I. O. M.
OH i AEL. DA
C... C.. A GETA
IREL SAVRNES
... ...
... ...
... ...
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Horsl. X.
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I. O. M.
CoH I. AEL
DAC. C. P.
STATV LON
GINVS, TRIB.
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#x002A; Fortissimo Caesari. Horsl. XVI.
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PRO SALVTE
D. N. MAXIMANO
[*] FOR ... CAE
VA ... ...
... ...
... ... OAED
LEG. VI
VIC. P. F.
F.
I. O. M.
COHI. AEL. DAC.
TETRICIANO RO
... C. P. P. LVTIC
... VS. DESIG
NATVS
TRIB.
I. O. M.
COH. I. AEL
DAC. GORD.
ANA. C P. EST.
I. O. M.
... H. I. AEL. DAC.
... C. PRAEESI ...
... FLIVS FA
... S. TRIB ...
... PETUO ...
... COS ... ...
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Lords of Gillesland from
an old missal.
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Gilsland
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The first lord of Gillesland that I have met with is William
[*] Meschines [y], brother of Radulphus lord
of Cumberland (not that William who was brother of Ranulph
earl of Chester, from whom descended Ranulph de
Ruelent, but brother of Radulphus) who could not
however wrest it from the Scots. For Gill son of Bueth held
the greatest part of it by force of arms. After his death
king Henry II. bestowed it on Hubert de Vaux, whose
arms are chequè Arg. and G. His son Robert founded
and endowed Lanercost priory. But after a few years the
estate was transferred by marriage to the Moltons,
and from them by a daughter to Ranulph lord Dacre,
whose posterity have continued to flourish to the present
time.
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Maidenway. Whitley
c.
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Maiden Way
Whitley Castle
roman inscription
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Having thus in a manner perlustrated the coast and interior
parts of Cumberland, the east part though thin, hungry, and
waste, remains to be visited. It affords only the sources of
South Tine in a swampy soil, and a Roman way eight
yards broad, paved with stones, and called the Maiden
way, leading from Westmorland, and at the confluence of
the little river Alon with the Tine
before-mentioned on the gentle slope of a hill are traces of
a very large old town, defended on the north by four
ramparts, and on the west by two [z]. Whitley castle
is the present name of this place, in proof of whose
antiquity remains this imperfest inscription, in abreviated
and complicated characters, by which we learn, that the 3d
cohort of the Nervii erected there a palace to the emperor
Antoninus son of Severus:
IMP. CAES. Lucii Septimi Severi Ara-
BICI. ADIABENICI PARTHICI,
MAX. FIL. DIVI ANTONINI Pii Germanici
SARMA. NEP. DIVI ANTONINI PII PRON.
DIVI HADRIANI ABN. DIVI TRAIANI
PARTH. ET DIVI NERVAE ADNEPOTI.
M. AVRELIO ENTONINO PIO
FEL. AVG. GERMANICO PONT. MAX.
TR. POT.. X.. IMP. ... COS.IIII. P. P. ...
PRO PIETATE AEDE ... VOTO ...
COMMVNI CVRANTE ... ...
... ... ... LEGATO AVG.
PR ... COH. III. NERVIO ... ...
RVM ... G. R. POS.
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ALONE.
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Alone
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As the 3rd cohort of the Nervii was stationed here, and by
the Notitia is placed at ALIONE, and by Antoninus at ALONE,
and the little river that runs by this place is called
Alne, we may with great probability suppose this
place to have been ALONE, though not with absolute
certainty, since the ravages of time and war have almost
obliterated all memory of it.
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Kings of
Cumberland.
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Cumberland, King of
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In the decline of the Roman empire in Britain, though this
country was miserably harrassed by the Scots and Picts, it
long preserved the original Britans for its inhabitants, and
fell late into the power of the Saxons. But when the Saxon
government was subverted by the Danish wars, it had princes
of its own, styled kings of Cumberland, till the year 946,
at which time as Matthew of Westminster informs us [a],
"king Edmund, assisted by Lewellin king of Demetia,
plundered Cumberland of all its wealth, and having put out
the eyes of the two sons of Dunmail king of that province,
gave the kingdom to Malcolm king of Scotland, to hold of him
and to defend the north parts of England from the invasion
of enemies by sea and land." From that time the eldest sons
of the kings of Scotland were for a long while styled
governors of Cum-
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177.*
R. Cooke, Clarenceux, calls him Ralph, as do the
registers of Fountain and Holm abbies.
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[y]
But of him more in my Annals. H.
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[z]
sescuplo. H. G. Ainsworth, one and a half.
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[a]
P. 366.
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berland,
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gazetteer links
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-- "Gillesland" -- Barony of Gilsland
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-- "Cumberland" -- Cumberland
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-- Hadrian's Wall
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-- "Lanercost Priory" -- Lanercost Priory
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-- "Naworth Castle" -- Naworth Castle (?)
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-- (roman fort, Birdoswald)
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-- "Whitley Castle" -- Epiacum
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