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start of Cumberland |
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Page 192:-
to the windows, and of doors. The wall that forms the
gallery founded on a ledge of rocks eight feet below the
floor of the cells is ruined a little above their top, and
was once joined to them by a roof. They are called
Constantine's cells, the priory being dedicated to
him, but more commonly the Safeguard, being probably
intended as such for the neighbouring monks against the
Scots, the door being approachable only by a ladder, and the
whole only by a perpendicular ascent of seven feet from a
long narrow path. On the same rock a little higher up the
river and about 10 or 12 feet from the level of the water is
this inscription:
MAXIMVS SCRIPSIT
LE XXVV COND CAS[ ]CIVS,
and a rude figure of a deer. The two lines are a yard
assunder: the 2d may mean the Leg. XX. Valens Victrix
condidit (or Condate) Cassius or
Centurio Cassius, the centurial mark misplaced [z].
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VIROSIDUM. Warwick.
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Warwick
Virosidum
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Horsley places VIROSIDUM at Elenboro' or Old
Carlisle [a]. The church of Warwick is remarkable
for its round east end with round narrow niches on the
outside 10 feet 8 inches high and 17 inches wide, reaching
almost to the ground, and in two or three a small window.
The whole church is built of hewn stone 70 feet long, but
formerly reached further west, there being at that end a
good round arch filled up. In the grant to St. Mary's abbey
it is called a chapel [b]. The manor was held by a farm of
the name from the time of Richard I. to the present time, as
was that of Aglionby in the same parish by that
family from the Conquest to the present time [c].
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Great and Little
Blencowe.
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Little Blencow
Great Blencow
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Below Greystock on the Peterel lies Geat Blencowe,
belonging to an antient family of that name, whose ruined
tower is still to be seen at Little Blencowe. Here is
a very good grammar-school, founded and endowed 19 Elizabeth
by Thomas Burbank, who was born in the town, and had been a
schoolmaster [d].
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Highhead.
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High Head Castle
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"Hyghhed castel six or seven miles from Cairluel by
south on the beck on Ivebek [e]." The inquisitions of the
reign of Edward III. call it Pela de Highhead, and on
the attainder of Andrew de Harcla it was granted to the
Dacres. It was bought by the Richmonds t. Henry VIII. and
still belongs to them [f].
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Hutton hall.
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Hutton-in-the-Forest
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From Highyate the river runs to Hutton hall the seat
of a family of the same name, of whom it was purchased in
the reign of James I. by the Fletchers, who, particularly
sir George Fletcher, bart. who lived at it, and with whom
the baronetage ended, so much improved it by buildings and
plantations, that it is now one of the pleasantest seats in
the county. The estate is within the Haia de Plumpton, and
held of the king by the service of holding the king's
stirrup when he mounts his horse in his castle of Carlisle
[g].
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CONGAVATA. Stanwicks.
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Stanwix
Congavata
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Mr. Horsley fixes CONGAVATA at Stanwicks, on such
proofs as cannot be controverted [h]. Here is a plain area
of a station and a gentle descent to the south, and the
rising for the outbuildings, which the abundance of stones
dug up prove to have stood here. Some of the stones answered
to the description of an aqueduct. The ruins of the wall are
very visible to the brink of the precipice [i].
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Rose castle.
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Rose Castle
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"Rose, a castle of the bishops of Cairluel. Bishop
Kight made it very fresh [k]."
Edward I. lodged in Rose castle during his Scotch
expedition; and several of his writs for calling a
parliament are dated apud la Rose. From its being
embattled by leave of Edward III. it had the name of a
castle, and has been the principal mansion-house of the
bishops of Carlisle from the first grant of the manor to
their see. Bishop Smith added a new tower (as Bishop Bell
had done between 1478 and 1496), and by great expence in
altering and beautifying made it a very convenient house
[l]. It suffered much from the Scots, and was as often
repaired, and continued a comfortable habitation till its
total demolition in the reign of Charles I. It was burnt in
the civil wars by order of col. Heveringham; before which
time it consisted of a compleat quadrangle with a fountain
in the middle with five, towers besides lesser turrets, and
encompassed with a mantle wall with little turrets. The
north side contained the constable's tower, the chapel,
Bell's tower built by bishop Bell, the bishop's and
council-chamber, and a chamber under the latter called Great
Paradise, and Strickland's tower, built by bishop
Strickland. The east side contained the great dining room,
hall and buttery and kitchen: the south side a long gallery
leading to the hall and the offices, and the west side
Pettinger's tower and offices. Here was another built by
bishop Kite. Its ruins were repaired at the Restoration by
bishop Sterne, and his successor bishop Rainbow put the
house into better condition, and built the chapel. When
bishop Rainbow came to the see, no part was habitable except
from the chapel south to the end of the old kitchen; all
which was supposed to have been built by bishop Kite.
Rainbow built the two parlours, chapel, and great staircase.
Bishop Sterne had rebuilt the chapel, but bishop Rainbow was
obliged to rebuild it. Bishop Fleming wainscoted and floored
these and other rooms. Bishop Osbaldiston bullied his
executors out of 200£. which he had allowed his
lessee of Buley castle c. Westmorland for his interest in
the wood sold there, and for damages and springing it again;
and cut down wood and timber on the demesne to the amount of
many hundred pounds, and made reprisals to the amount of
about 350£.; and after this benefit was glad to
compound with his successor bishop Lyttelton for
250£. delapidations, which his said successor chose
to accept to avoid a long suit. Bishop Lyttelton built a
very fine new kitchen, laundry, and brew-house, repaired
Strickland tower, and greatly improved the whole house; and
besides leaving a minute account in his register, compiled a
particular history of it. Notwithstanding the poverty of the
see, the bishops lived here antiently in great splendour. In
bishop White's rental 1627 the constant houshold was 35 or
36 besides workfolk and strangers [m].
Rhôs signifies in British a moist dale or
valley [n].
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Dalston.
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Dalston
Dalston stone circle
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In Dalston parish in a field about a mile from the church
called Chapel Flat, foundations are dug up as of the
hermitage and chapel of St. Wynemius the bishop, mentioned
here 1343. A circle of rude stones three feet diameter, and
30 yards in circumference, was here many years ago, and
within it to the east four stones as of a kistvaen. Not far
from it is a tumulus eight yards diameter at bottom, and two
at top, and about three yards high. On opening it were found
near the top two freestones, about three
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[z]
G. Archaeol. I. 86. Pennant, 1772, p.61, and plate V.
Hutchinson, p.256. Burn, II. 335.
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[a]
P. 109. 478. 481.
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[b]
Pennant, 60.
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[c]
Burn, II. 327-328.
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[d]
G. Burn, II. 373. 384.
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[e]
Lel. VII. 72.
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[f]
Burn, II. 319,320.
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[g]
Esc. 5 Hen. VII. G. Burn, II. 388.
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[h]
P. 105.
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[i]
P. 155.
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[k]
Lel. VII. 72.
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[l]
Buck. G.
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[m]
Burn, II. 313-316.
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[n]
Ib.
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feet
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gazetteer links
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-- Blencow Hall
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-- Burbank House
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-- (chapel, Dalston)
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-- "Great Blencowe" -- Great Blencow
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-- High Head Castle
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-- "Hutton Hall" -- Hutton-in-the-Forest
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-- (inscribed rock, Wetheral)
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-- Uxelodunum
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-- "Rose Castle" -- Rose Castle
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-- "Constantine's Cells" -- St Constantine's Cells
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-- St Leonard's Church
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-- Warwick
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