Old Cumbria Gazetteer

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	Hawes Water
	Haweswater Reservoir
civil parish:-	Bampton (formerly Westmorland)
civil parish:-	Shap Rural (formerly Westmorland)
county:-	Cumbria
locality type:-	lake
locality type:-	reservoir
coordinates:-	NY47711364 (etc)
1Km square:-	NY4713
10Km square:-	NY41
	BJE08.jpg  From Little Harter Fell. (taken 7.9.2004)   BZK30.jpg  At Measand Becks. (taken 29.9.2013)
evidence:-	old map:- OS County Series (Wmd 13 15)  placename:-  Hawes Water
source data:-	Maps, County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25 inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948.
evidence:-	old map:- OS County Series (Wmd 20 2)  placename:-  High Water placename:-  Water, High
source data:-	Maps, County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25 inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948. "High Water" about level with Ash Crag
evidence:-	old map:- Morden 1695 (Wmd)
source data:-	Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmorland, scale about 2.5 miles to 1 inch, by Robert Morden, published by Abel Swale, the Unicorn, St Paul's Churchyard, Awnsham, and John Churchill, the Black Swan, Paternoster Row, London, 1695. MD10NY41.jpg Outline with shore shading, tinted blue, with a hillock engraved within it.  item:-  JandMN : 24 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	perhaps old map:- Badeslade 1742 placename:-
source data:-	Map, uncoloured engraving, A Map of Westmorland North from London, scale about 10 miles to 1 inch, with descriptive text, by Thomas Badeslade, London, engraved and published by William Henry Toms, Union Court, Holborn, London, 1742.   click to enlarge BD12.jpg "" outline with form lines  item:-  Dove Cottage : 2007.38.62 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	descriptive text:- Simpson 1746 placename:-  Broad Water Lake
source data:-	Atlas, three volumes of maps and descriptive text published as 'The Agreeable Historian, or the Compleat English Traveller ...', by Samuel Simpson, 1746.   goto source Page 1020:-  "..." "... The Loder, or Lowther River is a very clear Stream without Mud, which rises in the Broad water Lake near Thornthwaite Forest; ..."
evidence:-	old map:- Simpson 1746 map (Wmd)
source data:-	Map, uncoloured engraving, Westmorland, scale about 8 miles to 1 inch, printed by R Walker, Fleet Lane, London, 1746. SMP2NYK.jpg Outline with form lines.  item:-  Dove Cottage : 2007.38.59 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old map:- Bowen and Kitchin 1760 placename:-  Broad Water
source data:-	Map, hand coloured engraving, A New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland Divided into their Respective Wards, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Emanuel Bowen and Thomas Kitchin et al, published by T Bowles, Robert Sayer, and John Bowles, London, 1760. BO18NY30.jpg "Broad Water" outline with form lines  item:-  Armitt Library : 2008.14.10 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old map:- Jefferys 1770 (Wmd)  placename:-  Hallswater
source data:-	Map, 4 sheets, The County of Westmoreland, scale 1 inch to 1 mile, surveyed 1768, and engraved and published by Thomas Jefferys, London, 1770. J5NY41NE.jpg J5NY41SE.jpg "HALLSWATER" outline with form lines; lake or tarn  item:-  National Library of Scotland : EME.s.47 Images © National Library of Scotland
evidence:-	descriptive text:- West 1778 (11th edn 1821)
source data:-	Guide book, A Guide to the Lakes, by Thomas West, published by William Pennington, Kendal, Cumbria once Westmorland, and in London, 1778 to 1821.   goto source Page 162:-  "..." "After what we have seen, the only lake that remains to be visited in this tour is" "HAWES-WATER." "This is a pleasant morning ride from Penrith; or it may be taken in the way to Shap, or from Shap, and return to Kendal. There"   goto source Page 163:-  "is also a road from Pooley-bridge, over the mountain to Bampton vale, a beautiful secreted valley. ..." "..." "Mr. Young is the first that says any thing in favour of this sweet but unfrequented lake."   goto source Page 164:-  "'The approach to the lake is very picturesque; you pass between two high ridges of mountains, the banks finely spread with inclosures; upon the right, two small beautiful hills, one of them covered with wood; they are most pleasantly elegant. The lake is a small one, above three miles long, half a mile over in places, and a quarter in others; almost divided in the middle by a promontory of inclosures, joined only by a strait, so that it consists of two sheets of water. The upper end of it is fine, quite inclosed with bold, steep craggy rocks and mountains; and in the centre of the end, a few little inclosures at their feet, waving upward in a very beautiful manner. The south side of the lake is a noble ridge of mountains, very bold and prominent down to the water's edge. They bulge out in the centre of a fine, bold, pendant, broad head, that is venerably magnificent: and the view of the first sheet of the lake, losing itself in the second, among hills, rocks, woods, &c. is picturesque. The opposite shore consists of inclosures, rising one above another, and crowned with craggy rocks [1]." "The narrowest part, by report, is 50 fathoms deep, and a man may throw a stone across it. Thwaite-force or fall, is a fine cataract on the" "[1] Six month's Tour, vol. 3d. page 168."   goto source Page 165:-  "right, and opposite to it, the first sheet of water is lost among the rocks and wood, in a beautiful manner. Bleakhow-crag, a ruinous rock, and over it, Castle-crag, a staring shattered rock, have a formidable appearance; and above all is seen Kidstow-pike, on whose summit the clouds weep into a crater of rock that is never empty. On the eastern side, a front of prominent rock bulges out into a solemn naked mass, and a waving cataract descends the furrowed side of a soft green hill. The contrast is fine - At Bleakhow-crag there is a pleasing back view." "Above the chapel, all is hopeless waste and desolation. The little vale contracts into a glen, strewed with the precipitated ruins of mouldering mountains, and the destruction of perpetual water-falls." "..."   goto source Page 190:-  "A TABLE OF THE Height of Mountains and Lakes SEEN IN THIS TOUR, ... TAKEN FROM THE LEVEL OF THE SEA. ... by Mr. John Dalton." "Hawes-water ... 238 [yards]"
evidence:-	old map:- West 1784 map placename:-  Hawes Water
source data:-	Map, hand coloured engraving, A Map of the Lakes in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, engraved by Paas, 53 Holborn, London, about 1784. Ws02NY41.jpg "HAWES WATER" item:-  Armitt Library : A1221.1 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old map:- Cary 1789 (edn 1805)  placename:-  Halls Water
source data:-	Map, uncoloured engraving, Westmoreland, scale about 2.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Cary, London, 1789; edition 1805. CY24NY41.jpg "Halls Water" outline with shore form lines; lake or tarn  item:-  JandMN : 129 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old map:- Aikin 1790 (Wmd)  placename:-
source data:-	Map, uncoloured engraving, Westmoreland ie Westmorland, scale about 8.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Aikin, London, 1790.   click to enlarge AIK2.jpg "" outline with form lines; lake  item:-  JandMN : 51 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old painting:- Green 1790s-1820s item:-  cattle
source data:-	Painting, watercolour, Haweswater, Shap Rural and Bampton, Westmorland, by William Green, Ambleside, Westmorland, before 1823.   click to enlarge PR1743.jpg item:-  Dove Cottage : 1998.72.1 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old map:- Bailey 1797 placename:-  Horns Water
source data:-	Map, soil etc, uncoloured engraving, Westmoreland, scale about 12 miles to 1 inch, by J Bailey, engraved by Neele, Strand, published by Messrs Robinson, Paternoster Row and G Nicol, Pall Mall, London, 1797.   click to enlarge BY05.jpg "Horns Water" outline with form lines; lake  item:-  Armitt Library : A680.3 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old map:- Housman 1800 map 4 placename:-  Haws Water
source data:-	Maps, hand coloured engraving, Lakes in Lancashire and Westmorland, 7 lakes on one sheet, engraved by McIntyre, Edinburgh, published by F Jollie, Carlisle, Cumberland, and C Law, Ave Maria Lane, London, 1800.   click to enlarge HM02Haw.jpg "HAWS WATER" item:-  Dove Cottage : 2007.38.97 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	descriptive text:- Baker 1802 placename:-  Hawswater
source data:-	Perspective road map with sections in Lancashire, Westmorland, and Cumberland, by J Baker, London 1802. pp.25-26:-  "..." "... By an easy ride through a country of much variety of landscape beauty, lying to the left of Shap, the traveller reaches the celebrated lake of Hawswater, which with Ullswater, (that may also be reached from a short road, dividing from the next stage), are ornamented with a variety of abrupt and terrific precipices, ..."
evidence:-	old map:- Baker 1802 placename:-  Haweswater
source data:-	Perspective road maps with sections in Lancashire, Westmorland and Cumberland, by J Baker, London 1802. Bk03Vg09.jpg "Haweswater / 268" item:-  private collection : 3 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old map:- Cooke 1802 placename:-  Haws Water
source data:-	Map, The Lakes, Westmorland and Cumberland, scale about 8.5 miles to 1 inch, engravedby Neele and Son, published by Sherwood, Jones and Co, Paternoster Road, London, 1824.   click to enlarge GRA1Lk.jpg "Haws Water" outline with form lines; lake or tarn  item:-  Hampshire Museums : FA2000.62.5 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old map:- Cooke 1802 placename:-  Horns Water
source data:-	Map, Westmoreland ie Westmorland, scale about 12 miles to 1 inch, by George Cooke, 1802, published by Sherwood, Jones and Co, Paternoster Road, London, 1824.   click to enlarge GRA1Wd.jpg "Horns Water" outline with form lines; lake or tarn  item:-  Hampshire Museums : FA2000.62.4 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:- Green 1804 (plate 37)  placename:-  Hawes Water
source data:-	Print, uncoloured aquatint, Foot of Hawes Water, Bampton, Westmorland, by William Green, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1804 printed after 1807.   click to enlarge GN1637.jpg Plate 37 from a series.  printed at bottom:-  "Foot of Hawes Water. / Drawn and Engraved by Wm. Green, and Published at Ambleside, June 24, 1804." printed at top right:-  "37" at :-  "[ WHATMAN] / 1807" item:-  Armitt Library : 2014.186 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old map:- Laurie and Whittle 1806 placename:-  Hawes Water
source data:-	Road map, Completion of the Roads to the Lakes, scale about 10 miles to 1 inch, by Nathaniel Coltman? 1806, published by Robert H Laurie, 53 Fleet Street, London, 1834.   click to enlarge Lw18.jpg "Hawes Water" lake  item:-  private collection : 18.18 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old text:- Capper 1808 placename:-  Hawes Water
source data:-	Gazetteer, A Topographical Dictionary of the United Kingdom, compiled by Benjamin Pitts Capper, published by Richard Phillips, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, 1808; published 1808-29.   goto source "..." "HAWES WATER, a beautiful lake, 5 miles distant of Kendal, in Westmoreland. The narrowest part of it is [5]0 fathoms deep, but so narrow that a stone may be thrown across it. ..."
evidence:-	old map:- Cooper 1808 placename:-  Hawes Water
source data:-	Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmoreland ie Westmorland, scale about 9 miles to 1 inch, by H Cooper, 1808, published by R Phillips, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, 1808.   click to enlarge COP4.jpg "Hawes Water" outline, shaded; lake  item:-  Dove Cottage : 2007.38.53 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old text:- Green 1810 placename:-  Haws Water
source data:-	Set of prints, soft ground etchings, Sixty Studies from Nature, by William Green, Ambleside, Westmorland, drawn 1808-10, published 1810.   goto source page 117:-  "..." "HAWS WATER," "which is three miles long: it lies deeply intrenched among the mountains; its banks are sprinkled with trees as wildly as if shed from the heavens: footmen (not the party coloured gentlemen, for they would scorn such meanness) may make charming excursions, by passing from Kendal through Long Sleddale, over Harter Fell, by Chapel Hill, to Haws Water; and from thence by way of Powley Bridge, Ulls Water, and Patterdale to Ambleside ..."
evidence:-	old map:- Wallis 1810 (Wmd)  placename:-  Horns Water
source data:-	Road map, Westmoreland, scale about 19 miles to 1 inch, by James Wallis, 77 Berwick Street, Soho, 1810, published by W Lewis, Finch Lane, London, 1835?   click to enlarge WAL5.jpg "Horns Water" outline, shaded; lake  item:-  JandMN : 63 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	descriptive text:- Wallis 1810 placename:-  Broadwater
source data:-	Map, Westmoreland, scale about 19 miles to 1 inch, and Cumberland, scale about 16 miles to 1 inch, by James Wallis, 77 Berwick Street, Soho, London, 1810; published 1810-36. "The Loder, rising at a lake called Broadwater, runs N.W., and falls into a small river called the Eimot, near the borders of this county."
evidence:-	old print:- Wilkinson 1810 (plate 47)  placename:-  Hawes Water
source data:-	Print, uncoloured soft ground etching, Hawes Water, Westmorland, by Joseph Wilkinson, engraved by William Frederick Wells, published by R Ackermann, Repository of Arts, 101 Strand, London, 1810.   click to enlarge WKN147.jpg Plate 47 in Select Views in Cumberland, Westmoreland, and Lancashire.  printed at bottom left, right, centre:-  "Revd. Jos: Wilkenson delt. / W. F. Wells sc. / Hawes-water. / Published August 1. 1810. by R. Ackermann. 101. Strand. London." item:-  Fell and Rock Climbing Club : MN4.47 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old text:- Wordsworth 1810 placename:-  Haweswater
source data:-	Guide book, A Description of the Scenery of the Lakes, later A Guide through the District of The Lakes, by William Wordsworth, 1810-35.   goto source page xxiii  "..." "From Pooley Bridge, at the foot of the Lake, Haweswater may be conveniently visited. Haweswater is a lesser Ullswater, with this advantage, that it remains undefiled by the intrusion of bad taste."
evidence:-	old print:- Green 1814 (plate 60)  placename:-  Haws Water
source data:-	Print, tinted soft ground etching, Haws Water from Fordingdale Beck, Bampton, Westmorland, by William Green, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1814.   click to enlarge GN1060.jpg Plate 60 in Sixty Small Prints.  printed at top right:-  "60" printed at bottom:-  "HAWS WATER FROM FORDINGDALE BECK. / Published at Ambleside Augst. 1, 1814, by Wm. Green." item:-  Armitt Library : A6653.60 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:- Green 1814 (plate 60)  placename:-  Haws Water
source data:-	Print, uncoloured soft ground etching, Haws Water from Fordingdale Beck, Bampton, Westmorland, by William Green, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1814.   click to enlarge GN0960.jpg Plate 60 in Sixty Small Prints.  printed at top right:-  "60" printed at bottom:-  "HAWS WATER FROM FORDINGDALE BECK. / Published at Ambleside Augst. 1, 1814, by Wm. Green." item:-  Armitt Library : A6656.60 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:- Green 1814 (plate 59)  placename:-  Haws Water item:-  cattle
source data:-	Print, tinted soft ground etching, Haws Water, Shap Bampton/Rural, Westmorland, by William Green, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1814.   click to enlarge GN1059.jpg Plate 59 in Sixty Small Prints.  printed at top right:-  "59" printed at bottom:-  "HAWS WATER. / Published at Ambleside Augst. 1, 1814, by Wm. Green." item:-  Armitt Library : A6653.59 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:- Green 1814 (plate 59)  placename:-  Haws Water item:-  cattle
source data:-	Print, uncoloured soft ground etching, Haws Water, Shap Bampton/Rural, Westmorland, by William Green, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1814.   click to enlarge GN0959.jpg Plate 59 in Sixty Small Prints.  printed at top right:-  "59" printed at bottom:-  "HAWS WATER. / Published at Ambleside Augst. 1, 1814, by Wm. Green." item:-  Armitt Library : A6656.59 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old text:- Green 1814 placename:-  Haws Water
source data:-	Set of prints, soft ground etchings, Sixty Small Prints, with text, A Description of a Series of Sixty Small Prints, by William Green, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1814.   goto source page 33:-  "..." "Haws Water is three miles long, and generally about half a mile across; a richly wooded promontory, which from the lower grounds appears to cut the lake in two, shoots boldly towards the opposite shores, and here it is scarcely more"   goto source page 34:-  "than two or three hundred yards in breadth. Mesand with its school stands near this promontory; on the side of which rushes, in wild impetuosity, Fordingdale Beck, a stream abounding in picturesque waterfalls." "Branstree, Harter Fell, Riggendale, High Street, Kidstay, and Whelter, are all grand mountains lying at the head of the lake: but this grandeur is diminished towards its foot; and the country below the outlet of the lake is composed of modest and easy eminences, which are pleasantly covered with wood all the way to Lowther and Askham." "Haws Water, either as a Salvator or a Claude, has great attractions; its magnificence may be appreciated by passing from the foot to the head of the lake, and its delicate beauties by looking down it." "Haws Water is fine from the carriage-road, but infinitely less so than from a horse-road upon the common, somewhat above the carriage-road; it is likewise good from many stands in the enclosures between the higher road and the water." "..." "The river feeding the lake at its head is bounded by flat lands; but the undulating surfaces between this flat and the summits of the circumjacent mountains being sprinkled in a luxuriant wildness with various sorts of trees, is on all hands a splendid treat for the lover and the artist."
evidence:-	old print:- Green 1815 placename:-  Haws Water item:-  sheep
source data:-	Print, coloured aquatint, Haws Water, Shap Rural, Westmorland, by William Green, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1815.   click to enlarge GN0523.jpg From the track from Gatescarth Pass to Mardale?  Plate 25 in Lake Scenery.  printed at upper right:-  "25" printed at bottom:-  "HAWS WATER. / Published at Ambleside, June 1, 1815, by Wm. Green." item:-  Armitt Library : A6646.23 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:- Green 1815 placename:-  Haws Water
source data:-	Print, coloured aquatint, View down Haws Water from Mardale, Shap Rural, Westmorland, by William Green, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1815.   click to enlarge GN0524.jpg Plate 26 in Lake Scenery.  printed at upper right:-  "26" printed at bottom:-  "VIEW down HAWS WATER from MARDALE. / Published at Ambleside, June 1, 1815, by Wm. Green." item:-  Armitt Library : A6646.24 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:- Green 1815 placename:-  Haws Water
source data:-	Print, coloured aquatint, Head of Haws Water, Mardale, Shap Rural, Westmorland, by William Green, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1815.   click to enlarge GN0525.jpg Plate 27 in Lake Scenery.  printed at upper right:-  "27" printed at bottom:-  "HEAD of HAWS WATER. / Published at Ambleside, June 1, 1815, by Wm. Green." item:-  Armitt Library : A6646.25 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old map:- Otley 1818 placename:-  Hawes Water
source data:-	Map, uncoloured engraving, The District of the Lakes, Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Jonathan Otley, 1818, engraved by J and G Menzies, Edinburgh, Scotland, published by Jonathan Otley, Keswick, Cumberland, et al, 1833. OT02NY41.jpg item:-  JandMN : 48.1 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old map:- Hall 1820 (Wmd)  placename:-  Hawes Water
source data:-	Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmoreland ie Westmorland, scale about 14.5 miles to 1 inch, by Sidney Hall, London, 1820, published by Samuel Leigh, 18 Strand, London, 1820-31.   click to enlarge HA18.jpg "Hawes Wr." no symbol; lake  item:-  Armitt Library : 2008.14.58 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:- Fielding and Walton 1821 (plate 42)  placename:-  Haws Water
source data:-	Print, coloured aquatint, Haws Water, Bampton, Westmorland, drawn by Theodore H A Fielding, published by R Ackermann, 101 Strand, London, 1821.   click to enlarge FW0142.jpg Tipped in opposite p.263 in A Picturesque Tour of the English Lakes.  item:-  Dove Cottage : 1993.R566.42 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	outline view:- Otley 1823 (8th edn 1849)  placename:-  Hawes Water
source data:-	Engraving, outline view of mountains, Hawes Water from Measand Beck, drawn by T Binns, engraved by O Jewitt, opposite p.16 of A Descriptive Guide of the English Lakes, by Jonathan Otley, 8th edition, 1849.   click to enlarge O80E09.jpg item:-  Armitt Library : A1180.10 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	descriptive text:- Otley 1823 (5th edn 1834)  item:-  fishing
source data:-	Guide book, A Concise Description of the English Lakes, the mountains in their vicinity, and the roads by which they may be visited, with remarks on the mineralogy and geology of the district, by Jonathan Otley, published by the author, Keswick, Cumberland now Cumbria, by J Richardson, London, and by Arthur Foster, Kirkby Lonsdale, Cumbria, 1823; published 1823-49, latterly as the Descriptive Guide to the English Lakes.   goto source Page 28:-  "HAWES WATER" "Is nearly three miles in length and half a mile in breadth; it is almost divided into two parts by the projection of a plot of cultivated land from the N.W. side. Its head is encompassed by lofty mountains, but they exhibit less variety of outline than those of Derwent and Ullswater. Its eastern side is bounded by Naddle Forest, the lower part completely wooded, and surmounted by the lofty Wallow Crag; beyond which the hill side is scattered with aged thorns. The western side has more cultivation, and a few farm houses sheltered by trees. The houses - with the exception of Mr. Boustead's at Measand-beck, and Mr. Holmes' at Chapel hill - are mostly walled without mortar; and the deciduous trees associate well with the rest of the scenery. Opposite the head of the lake, Castle Crag is a prominent feature in the landscape." "This lake is well stocked with fish of various kinds; but they are chiefly preserved for the table of Lowther Castle." "Lying beyond the usual circuit of the lakes, and at a distance from the great roads and places of entertainment, Hawes Water is often omitted in the tour. But those who can contrive to visit it without hurry or fatigue, will find it a sweet retired spot." "..."   goto source Page 114:-  "EXCURSIONS TO HAWES WATER." "There are various mountain passes by which Hawes Water may be approached by pedestrians; and a way on horseback through Long Sleddale, has been described with a high degree of colouring in some former publications. In planning an excursion, several things are to be taken into consideration; as, what kind of conveyance the roads will admit of, how that conveyance is to be supplied, and at what places refreshment may be obtained. ..." "..." "But it will generally be found most convenient to visit Hawes Water from Penrith, by way of Eamont Bridge; turning to the right at Arthur's Round Table, to Askham 5 miles; thence by Helton, and Butterswick, to Bampton, nearly 5 more. ..." "Leaving Bampton Grange, with it church, on the left hand, two miles more bring us in sight of Hawes Water. Some will content themselves with travelling a couple of miles along the banks of the"   goto source Page 116:-  "lake, and thence return to the Grange for refreshment. ..." "Those who wish to penetrate the hidden recesses of the mountains may go the whole length of the lake, ... Here the mountains seem to forbid all further progress; but turning the end of the hill the party will soon arrive at Mardale Green; from whence they may either return the same way, or pass over the mountains to Long Sleddale or to Kentmere." "KENDAL TO HAWES WATER BY SHAP." 8½ High Borrow Bridge 8½ 7½ Shap 16 4 Bampton 20 2 Foot of Hawes Water 22
evidence:-	descriptive text:- Ford 1839 (3rd edn 1843)  placename:-  Hawes Water item:-  depth, Hawes Water
source data:-	Guide book, A Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by Rev William Ford, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, by W Edwards, 12 Ave Maria Lane, Charles Tilt, Fleet Street, William Smith, 113 Fleet Street, London, by Currie and Bowman, Newcastle, by Bancks and Co, Manchester, by Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, and by Sinclair, Dumfries, 1839.   goto source Page 137:-  "..." "HAWES WATER," "Belonging to the Earl of Lonsdale, is a less Ulles Water, undefiled by bad taste. It is three miles in length, and generally half-a-mile in breadth, abounding in perch, trout, eels, and chubs. The eastern side is screened by pretty wooded rocks, and its western girt by a few cultivated fields, thinly"   goto source Page 138:-  "studded with farm-houses, that are sheltered by groups of trees. A richly-wooded promontory, that stretches from the west side of the lake, appears to cut it into two: a little beyond is Fordingdale Beck, presenting some beautiful cascades, and the grand assemblage of mountains at the lake-head, in the noblest point of view. Branstree, Harter Fell, with its ridgy projection, Riggendale, High Street, Kidsty Pike, which has two points, and is low in the middle like Saddleback, and Whelter, stand around its head, and send down the trickling streams and silvery cascades to feed this interesting water. The views, indeed, in passing up, are a composition of magnificence and sublimity, as seen from the carriage-road in the most favourable manner; the scenes looking down the lake, form a striking contrast - all is rural beauty and sylvan sweetness."   goto source Page 159:-  "..." "Hawes Water.- The western side of this lake may be traversed by the tourist, as far as agreeable."   goto source Page 177:-  "A TABLE" "OF THE LENGTH, BREADTH, &c. OF THE LAKES," "COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT AUTHORITIES." No. Names of Lakes. Height above sea in feet. Length in miles. Breadth in miles. Depth in fathoms. 13 Hawes Water 714 3 - - ½ 50 -
evidence:-	old map:- Ford 1839 map placename:-  Hawes Water
source data:-	Map, uncoloured engraving, Map of the Lake District of Cumberland, Westmoreland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, and by R Groombridge, 5 Paternoster Row, London, 3rd edn 1843. FD02NY41.jpg "Hawes W." Outline with form lines.  item:-  JandMN : 100.1 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old drawing:- Aspland 1840s-60s placename:-  Hawes Water
source data:-	Drawing, pencil, Hawes Water, Westmorland, by Theophilus Lindsey Aspland, 1849.   click to enlarge AS0146.jpg "Hawes Water. / 3 miles long. 1/2 m. broad / Green Vol 1. p364." item:-  Armitt Library : 1958.487.46 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old drawing:- Aspland 1840s-60s placename:-  Haws Water
source data:-	Drawing, pencil, Hawes Water, Bampton, Westmorland, by Theophilus Lindsey Aspland, 1849.   click to enlarge AS0181.jpg "Haws Water. / Green vol 1 p 371. / The walk from Bampton church up the Eastern side." item:-  Armitt Library : 1958.487.81.1 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old map:- Wyld 1847 placename:-  Hawes Water
source data:-	Map, uncoloured engraving, Ulleswater and Hawes Water, Cumberland and Westmorland, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, by James Wyld, published by John Johnstone, Paternoster Row, London, et al, 1847.   click to enlarge WLD3M4.jpg printed at bottom:-  "ULLESWATER AND HAWES WATER." item:-  Armitt Library : A1201.67 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old map:- Garnett 1850s-60s H placename:-  Hawes Water
source data:-	Map of the English Lakes, in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, 1850s-60s. GAR2NY41.jpg "HAWES WR." outline with shore form lines, lake or tarn  item:-  JandMN : 82.1 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:- Pyne 1853 placename:-  Hawes Water
source data:-	Print, tinted lithograph, Hawes Water and Wallergill Force, perhaps The Forces, Bampton, Westmorland, by James Baker Pyne, engraved by W Gauci, published by Thomas Agnew and Sons, Manchester, Lancashire, 1853.   click to enlarge PYN207.jpg "PAINTED BY J. B. PYNE. / W. GAUCI LITH. / MANCHESTER, PUBLISHED BY THOMAS AGNEW & SONS, 1853. / Hawes Water and Wallergill Force / M & N HANHART IMPT." item:-  Armitt Library : A6678.8 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:- Pyne 1853 placename:-  Hawes Water
source data:-	Print, coloured lithograph, Hawes Water and Wallergill Force, perhaps The Forces, Bampton, Westmorland, by James Baker Pyne, engraved by W Gauci, published by Thomas Agnew and Sons, Manchester, Lancashire, 1853.   click to enlarge PYN407.jpg item:-  Armitt Library : A6677.8 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old text:- Martineau 1855
source data:-	Guide book, A Complete Guide to the English Lakes, by Harriet Martineau, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, and by Whittaker and Co, London, 1855; published 1855-76.   goto source Page 172:-  "..." "Hawes Water lies about four miles from Askham. It is little more than three miles long, and about half a-mile broad. One side is richly wooded; the other nearly bare: and a pair of bold promontories threaten to cut it in two, in one part, where the passage is only two or three hundred yards wide. Round the head of the lake cluster the great mountains of Harter Fell, High Street, Kidsty Pike and others, leaving space among the skirts for the exquisite little valley of Mardale. Those who are able to obtain one of Lord Lonsdale's boats for the traverse of the lake may think themselves fortunate; for this is, of course, the most perfect way of seeing the surroundings of so small a sheet of water: and all other persons are deprived, by prohibition, of the means of doing so. There are some good houses on the shores and at the further end; but the occupants who live on the very brink are not allowed to keep any sort of boat. His lordship's boats are said to be procurable for the asking; but the preliminaries are a hindrance. The walk along the lake side is, how-"   goto source Page 173:-  "[how]ever, easy and agreeable enough. The road skirts the western bank. The crags which are sprinkled or heaped about the head of the lake are very fine. They jut out from the mountain side, or stand alone on the green slopes, or collect into miniature mountain clusters, which shelter tiny dells, whence the sheep send forth their bleat. ... Mardale ... at one end of the dale is the lake, and the other is closed in by the passes to Kentmere and Sleddale; and the great Pikes tower on either hand. The stream which gushes here and pauses there, as it passes among rough stones or through a green meadow, comes down from Small Water, reinforced by a brook from Blea Water on High Street, which joins the other a little above Mardale. ..."
evidence:-	old text:- Martineau 1855 placename:-  Haweswater item:-  depth, Hawes Water
source data:-	Guide book, A Complete Guide to the English Lakes, by Harriet Martineau, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, and by Whittaker and Co, London, 1855; published 1855-76.   goto source Page 180:-  "A TABLE OF THE LENGTH, BREADTH, AND DEPTH OF THE LAKES." "No. : Names of Lakes. : Counties : Length in Miles. : Extreme breadth in Miles : Extreme depth in Feet : Height above the Sea" "2 : Haweswater : Westmorland : 3 : ½: - : 443"
evidence:-	probably fiction:- Trollope 1864 placename:-  Hawes Water
source data:-	goto source chapter 31 Among the Fells  "In less than five minutes they [Kate and Alice] were there; and then, but not till then, the beauty of the little lake, lying down below them in the quiet bosom of the hills, disclosed itself. A lake should, I think, be small, and should be seen from above, to be seen in all its glory. The distance should be such that the shadows of the mountains on its surface may just be traced, and that some faint idea of the ripple on the waters may be present to the eye. And the form of the lake should be irregular, curving round from its base among the lower hills, deeper and still deeper into some close nook up among the mountains from which its head waters spring. It is thus that a lake should be seen, and it was thus that Hawes Water was seen by them from the flat stone on the side of Swindale Fell. The basin of the lake has formed itself into the shape of the figure of 3, and the top section of the figure lies embosomed among the very wildest of the Westmoreland mountains. Altogether it is not above three miles long, and every point of it was to be seen from the spot on which the girls sat themselves down. The water beneath was as still as death, and as dark, - and looked almost as cold. But the slow clouds were passing over it, and the shades of darkness on its surface changed themselves with gradual changes. And though no movement was visible, there was ever and again in places a slight sheen upon the lake, which indicated the ripple made by the breeze." "'I'm so glad I've come here,' said Alice, seating herself. 'I cannot bear the idea of coming to Vavasor without seeing one of the lakes at least.'" "'We'll go over to Windermere one day,' said Kate. ..."
evidence:-	old print:- Payn 1867 placename:-  Hawes Water item:-  clapper bridge
source data:-	Print, uncoloured engraving, Hawes Water, from Measand, Bampton, Westmorland, by T L Aspland, engraved by J Cooper, published by J Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, 1867.   click to enlarge PN0347.jpg On p.89 of The Lakes in Sunshine, text by James Payn.  printed at lower right:-  "J. COOPER Sc" printed at bottom:-  "HAWES WATER, FROM MEASAND" item:-  Fell and Rock Climbing Club : 184.47 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old map:- Mill and Heawood 1895 placename:-  Haweswater
source data:-	Map, Ullswater and Haweswater, scale 2 inches to 1 mile, with soundings by Hugh Robert Mill and Edward Heawood, by Bartholomew, Edinburgh, Scotland, published by George Philip and Son, 32 Fleet Street, London, etc, 1895.   click to enlarge MIL8.jpg - with soundings and sections  item:-  Kendal Library : 7.7 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old photograph:- Ullswater Steamers 1900s (edn 1903)  placename:-  Haweswater
source data:-	Photograph, bw halftone, Haweswater from Bracken Howe, Westmorland, published in a guide book by the Ullswater Steam Navigation Co, Penrith, Cumberland, 1903.   click to enlarge UN117.jpg printed, bottom  "HAWESWATER FROM BRACKEN HOWE" item:-  JandMN : 1023.17 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:- Bradley 1901 placename:-  Haweswater
source data:-	Print, uncoloured lithograph, Haweswater, Shap Rural, Westmorland, by Joseph Pennell, published by Macmillan and Co, London, 1901.   click to enlarge BRL181.jpg On page 306 of Highways and Byways in the Lake District, by A G Bradley.  printed at bottom:-  "Haweswater." item:-  JandMN : 464.81 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:- Heaton Cooper 1905 (edn 1908)  placename:-  Haweswater item:-  boat house
source data:-	Print, colour halftone, Haweswater, Bampton/Shap Rural, Westmorland, from a watercolour painting by Alfred Heaton Cooper, published by Adam and Charles Black, London, 2nd edn 1908.   click to enlarge HC0159.jpg Opposite p.178 of The English Lakes, painted by Alfred Heaton Cooper, described by William T Palmer.  printed at tissue opposite the print:-  "HAWESWATER" printed at signed lower right:-  "A HEATON COOPER" item:-  JandMN : 468.59 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:- Thompson 1860s-70s placename:-  Haweswater item:-  fish, Hawes Water; fishing; boat; rowing boat; fishing net
source data:-	Print, uncoloured engraving, Drawing the Net at Haweswater, drawn by Jacob Thompson, 1767, engraved by J C Armytage, published by Virtue and Co, London.   click to enlarge BNV35.jpg printed at bottom, left, right, and centre:-  "JACOB THOMPSON, PINXT. / J. C. ARMYTAGE, SCULPT. / DRAWING THE NET AT HAWESWATER. / LONDON, VIRTUE &C. LIMITED" item:-  JandMN : 124 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:-  placename:-  Hawes Water
source data:-	Print, engraving with lithograph colour? Hawes Water, Westmorland, 1860s-70s?   click to enlarge PR0384.jpg printed at bottom:-  "HAWES WATER." item:-  Dove Cottage : 2008.107.384 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:- Pyne 1853 placename:-  Hawes Water
source data:-	Drawn by James Barker Pyne, 1848-1853, lithographed by T Picken, 1859.   click to enlarge PY10.jpg "Hawes Water and Wallergill Force" item:-  JandMN : 97.11 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:- Rose 1832-35 placename:-  Hawes Water
source data:-	Print, engraving, Hawes Water, from Thwaite Force, Westmorland, by Thomas Allom, engraved by W le Petit, 1833.   click to enlarge R170.jpg item:-  JandMN : 41 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:- Green 1819 placename:-  Haws Water
source data:-	Print, aquatint, Haws Water, Westmorland, by William Green, 1819, published by R Lough and Co, Chronicle Office, Finkle Street, Kendal, and others, 1820.   click to enlarge GN0112.jpg Tipped in opposite vol.1 p.371 of The Tourist's New Guide, by William Green.  printed at bottom right, centre:-  "Vol.I, page 371, line 3. / HAWS WATER. / Published at Ambleside, Augt. 1. 1819, by Wm. Green." item:-  Armitt Library : A1141.13 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:- Green 1819 placename:-  Haws Water
source data:-	Print, aquatint, Haws Water, Westmorland, by William Green, 1819, published by R Lough and Co, Chronicle Office, Finkle Street, Kendal, and others, 1820.   click to enlarge GN0111.jpg Tipped in opposite vol.1 p.364 of The Tourist's New Guide, by William Green.  printed at bottom right, centre:-  "Vol.I, page 364, line 27. / HAWS WATER. / Published at Ambleside, Augt. 1. 1819, by Wm. Green." item:-  Armitt Library : A1141.12 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:- Green 1815 (plate 26)  placename:-  Haws Water
source data:-	Print, colour aquatint, View Down Haws Water from Mardale, Shap Rural, Westmorland, by William Green, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1815.   click to enlarge PR0120.jpg Plate 26 in a set of prints, Lake Scenery.  printed at bottom:-  "VIEW DOWN HAWS WATER from MARDALE. / Published at Ambleside, June 1. 1815, by Wm. Green." item:-  Dove Cottage : 2008.107.120 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:- Green 1815 (plate 26)  placename:-  Haws Water
source data:-	Print, colour aquatint, View Down Haws Water from Mardale, Shap Rural, Westmorland, by William Green, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1815.   click to enlarge PR0397.jpg Plate 26 in a set of prints, Lake Scenery.  printed at top right:-  "26" printed at bottom:-  "VIEW DOWN HAWS WATER from MARDALE." item:-  JandMN : 170 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:- Green 1790s-1820s placename:-  Hawes Water
source data:-	Print, uncoloured aquatint, Foot of Hawes Water, Bampton, Westmorland, drawn, engraved and published by William Green, Ambleside, 1804.   click to enlarge PR0520.jpg Plate 37 in some series.  printed at bottom:-  "Foot of Hawes Water. / Drawn &Engraved by Wm. Green, and Published at Ambleside, June 24, 1804." item:-  Dove Cottage : 2008.107.469 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:- Lowther 1780s-90s placename:-  Haws Water
source data:-	Print, uncoloured engraving, Haws Water near Shap, Westmoreland, drawn by E Dayes, engraved by Medland, published late 18th century.   click to enlarge PR0398.jpg printed at bottom:-  "HAWS-WATER near SHAP,- WESTMORELAND. / Engraved by Medland, from an Original Drawing by E. DAYES, Draughtsman to His Royal Highness the DUKE of YORK.-" item:-  JandMN : 167 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:-  placename:-  Haws Water
source data:-	Print, uncoloured engraving, Haws Water near Shap, Westmoreland, drawn by E Dayes, engraved by Medland, published late 18th century?   click to enlarge PR0282.jpg printed at bottom:-  "HAWS-WATER near SHAP,- WESTMORELAND. / Engraved by Medland, from an Original Drawing by E. DAYES, Draughtsman to His Royal Highness the DUKE of YORK.-" item:-  Dove Cottage : 2008.107.282 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:- Pearson 1900s placename:-  Hawes Water
source data:-	Print, halftone photograph, Hawes Water, Low Water, Westmorland, published by C Arthur Pearson, Henrietta Street, London, 1900s.   click to enlarge PS1E77.jpg On p.226 of Pearson's Gossipy Guide to the English Lakes and Neighbouring Districts.  printed at bottom:-  "HAWES WATER: LOW WATER. / (The wood to the left is Naddle Forest; in the middle distance is High Street)." item:-  Armitt Library : A1188.84 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:- Payn 1860s-70s placename:-  Hawes Water
source data:-	Print, colour printed, Hawes Water, Westmorland, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, and by Simpkin, Marshall and Co, London, 1860s-70s?   click to enlarge PN0111.jpg Tipped in opposite p.43 of England's Lakeland, a Tour Therein, by James Payn.  printed at bottom:-  "HAWES WATER." item:-  Armitt Library : A1183.11 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old drawing:-  placename:-  Hawes Water
source data:-	Drawing, Haweswater, Bampton, Westmorland, by John Harper, 1840.   click to enlarge PR1381.jpg Haweswater from the hills above the lake. Sloping hillside to right of composition with lake below and hills in distance. Executed in pencil with touches of white gouache on buff coloured paper. Preparatory sketch drawn on the spot by the artist.  at bottom right:-  "Hawes Water. 3 Sep./40" item:-  Tullie House Museum : 2009.89.24 Image © Tullie House Museum
evidence:-	outline view:- Tattersall 1836 (version 1869)  placename:-  Hawes Water
source data:-	Print, hand coloured, Hawes Water, from Thwaite Force, Westmorland, drawn by George Tattersall, 1836, engraved by W F Topham, published by T J Allman, 463 Oxford Street, London, 1869.   click to enlarge TAT217.jpg Included in The Lakes of England, by W F Topham.  printed at bottom:-  "HAWES-WATER, / from Thwaite Force." printed at bottom:-  "Wallow Crag. / Harter Fell. / Mardale Chapel. / High Street. / Kidsay Pike. / Whelter Crag." item:-  Armitt Library : A1067.17 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old painting:-  placename:-  Haweswater item:-  fishing
source data:-	Painting, engraving, A View of Haweswater, near Bampton, Westmoreland, by William Bellers, Fleet Street, London, 1753.   click to enlarge PR1363.jpg view of Haweswater  item:-  Tullie House Museum : 2005.28 Image © Tullie House Museum
evidence:-	old print:- Bellers 1752-54 placename:-  Haws Water
source data:-	Print, uncoloured engraving, A View of Haws Water, a lake near Banton in Westmoreland, by William Bellers, engraved by Chatelin and Muller, published 1753.   click to enlarge PR1902.jpg "Painted after Nature by Willm. Bellers. / Etch'd & Engrav'd by Messrs. Chatelin & Muller. / A VIEW of HAWS-WATER, a LAKE near BANTON in WESTMORELAND. / To Sr. James Lowther Baronet, of Lowther. / This PLATE is inscrib'd by his most oblig'd humble Servant / Willm. Bellers. / Publish'd according to Act of Parliament September the 29th. 1753." plate number?  "5" item:-  Armitt Library : ALMA371 Image © see bottom of page
	BJT64.jpg  The dam, from the upper side, water 10m low. (taken 22.8.2005)   BZW92.jpg  The dam. (taken 16.2.2014)   BTI03.jpg (taken 11.8.2010)   BJT67.jpg  Harter Fell, Riggindale Crag, and Haweswater. (taken 22.8.2005)   BJT68.jpg  Riggindale Crag, High Street, and Haweswater. (taken 22.8.2005)   BMF83.jpg  From the north end. (taken 10.6.2006)   BTR94.jpg  From the south end. (taken 20.10.2010)   BOE73.jpg (taken 18.9.2007)   BTI08.jpg (taken 11.8.2010)   BTH83.jpg  From NW shore near Burnbanks. (taken 11.8.2010)   BJQ54.jpg (taken 22.7.2005)   Click to enlarge BZK28.jpg  From near Measand Becks. (taken 29.9.2013)
	BTH82.jpg  Water from Heltondale and (taken 11.8.2010)   BTH81.jpg  Plaque:- "MANCHESTER CORPORATION WATERWORKS / WATER FROM THE / HELTONDALE BECK AND HOWS BECK / WAS / DIVERTED INTO THE HAWESWATER RESERVOIR / ON THE / 3RD DAY OF OCTOBER 1959 / ..." (taken 11.8.2010)
notes:-	An OS 6 inch map states:-
	"Haweswater Reservoir / Top water level 241 metres above Newlyn datum 1973"
hearsay:-	The Act of Parliament authorising Manchester Corporation to build the dam passed in 1919. Land purchase was completed by 1925, construction was completed in 1941. The dam was first filled in December 1942.
	The dam is a hollow concrete buttress type. A plumb bob hangs somewhere inside to monitor movement of the dam; it was deflected a 1/20th of an inch by the time the dam was full.

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